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HomeMy WebLinkAboutHometown History: An Introduction to Local History Research with Emphasis on Larchmont i i HOMETOWN HISTORY: An Introduction to Local History Research with Emphasis on „�' - '' : Larchmont, N.Y. j ` • ..1.1 i, / ' - . ` tM� 4 liti,< °; <<t I ` • `. Judith Doolin Spikes 1 40;9 f — ft , \IV ,t q/q1/+ i ,/ 1,1,Y; 1 y , v , a -- '- \i\t• /, .fiti•J y A. A✓te' .WIIW •.i „ "" 7 7'C'. 411i6H- - - ♦ ` '' ���, , •'U i' IIiinten I l lr:i 7.s1 TIIuU' ,, yd °�"+I yr A- ti; w d€�w i� , iiiii if ,,, / �"1'. �/Y , R , ,',de '/# {u i L� i 171, E i,of�if ,.h - 1, yur um,uprm,m wit I um, d , - _ .._ - } HOMETOWN HISTORY: An Introduction to Local History Research with Emphasis on Larchmont, N.Y. Including "Who Was Who in Larchmont in 1891" Judith Doolin Spikes Fountain Square Books Larchmont, N.Y. Cover illustration: "James Lewis's former residence at Larchmont," from Munsey's Magazine, 1892. The house remains at 18 Beach Avenue. "Industrious persons, by exact and scrupulous diligence and observa- tion, out of Monuments, Names, Words, Proverbs, Traditions, Private Records and Evidences, Fragments of Stories, Passages of Books...and the like, do save and recover somewhat from the deluge of time"--Francis Bacon. 'You could look it up"--Casey Stengel. Dedicated to my colleagues as founding trustees of the Larchmont Historical Society: June Allen, Robert Barrett,William Binderman, Dee Brown, Honora Doughtery,Mary English,Margaret Frazer, Thompson Flint, Theora Hahn,Joseph Hopkins, Marie Kil- lilea, Riitta Lagus, James Levi, Eleanor Lucas,Ann Moffett,Athena Ploumis,Philip Reisman, Marvin D. Schwartz, Philip Severin,Sher- man Totten,Pat Tripoli,Marilyn Weigold,and Betty White. Copyright Judith Doolin Spikes 1991. li All rights reserved, including the right to re- produce this work in any form whatsoever without permission in writing from the publisher,except for brief passages in connection with a review. For in- formation, write: Fountain Square Publishing, 5 Maple Avenue,Larchmont,N.Y.10538. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-9628957-0-9 ALSO BY THE AUTHOR: Round and About. A walking tour of Larchmont Manor. 1984. Larchmont-on-the-Sound: The Rise and Decline of the Resort Hotels. 1990. Contents Larchmont:People and Places. In press. Available from the Larchmont Historical Society, P.O. Box 742, Larchmont,N.Y. 10538. Chapter I: Domestic Mysteries 7 Chapter II: The Basic Tools of Local History Research 18 Appendices: A: A Primer of Larchmont History 40 B:Who Was Who in Larchmont in 189148 C: A Finding List of Larchmont Maps 62 D: A Finding List of Local Newspapers 65 E: Sources for Researching Larchmont's Past 68 F: Index to 1900 U.S. Census of Larchmont 89 G: Original Buyers of Map 610 Property 92 1 Chapter One: Domestic Mysteries The Personal Past When I was a child in school, history was a textbook; studying his- tory meant memorizing lists of presidents and dates of battles, the Gettysburg Address, and the tenets of the Monroe Doctrine. It had nothing to do with me or any person or place I knew. I hated it. I wish everyone a different experience of history in school. I also knew history in another way. This history fascinated me,and I could never get enough of it, but I didn't know then that it was his- tory, too. I knew it first in the form of family stories told by my father. His father was born in Kentucky in 1860, grew up during the Civil War, left with his four brothers to seek his fortune in the West-- Missouri--in the bad, mean days after the war when the family lost their land and everything else but their pride, and died more than a quarter of a century before I was born. His third wife--my grandmother--had an old trunk filled with family relics, such as her wedding dress, the family Bible, letters, pictures, and a hand-cut sil- houette of my great- great-great grandfather, a Revolutionary War veteran who had founded the family in Kentucky by taking up bounty lands there.I never visited her without begging to look at its contents. When I was four, my parents and I moved to Arkansas, into a house that had been the homestead of the founder of the town. Like most old houses, it had mysterious nooks and crannies and doors that led nowhere, and legends had grown up about it. I passionately wanted to know everything there was to know about the people who had built that house and lived in it, and how, and why. I knew the house had a ghost, because I saw it once, and heard it often, and fre- quently found footprints and other things it left behind. I came to love that house as I have never loved another inanimate object,and in my dreams it is still home. The house is gone now--except in my dreams--along with its pond and oak trees and honeysuckle vines and even the little hill on which it stood. My grandmother is dead, and after her death no one could find the things she used to keep in her trunk. I developed a consum- ing interest in other people's old houses and family papers and pic- tures. If you are interested in such things,too,this book outlines some ways to satisfy your curiosity. 7 of the world right through our parents' or grandparents' day, most Hometown History focuses on uncovering the history of a house, since this is the mystery that most intriguespeople were born,got sick, and recovered or died in their own homes. Y ry the majority of new- Hospitals--where they existed--were used far, far less than they are comers to local history research. The sources and the methods of in- today. quiry are, however, the same ones used to solve larger mysteries. The Siwanoy Indians(the very first people we know of who used to What was the pattern of settlement in our town? How did changes in live here) believed that after their bodies died, their spirits stayed for transportation, technology, health care, and land use influence how a while with the trees and rocks and dwelling places where they used people lived here? What impact did broad economic forces, national to live. It does seem that people leave a little bit of themselves in the politics, and international strife have? How was human life molded places they have lived in and loved. Who chose the chandelier in your by the geography and climate of the region? All of these questions-- dining room? Who read the dusty old book you found stuck away and many more--can be answered by the same means. under the eaves in the attic? Who planted the crocus in your yard In listing and describing sources, I have limited myself to materials that push up through the snow every year to let you know that spring specifically related to my present hometown, Larchmont, New York. will come again? How can you find out? That is because every state, every county, and every municipality have somewhat different methods of cataloguing and storing records, and I Do a Little Sherlocking have found that research guides broad enough to be universally ap There are two ways to find out. The hard way is to look it up in plicable turn out to be locally useless and sometimes even misleading. books, letters, government records, and other documents. The other Yet, the types of source materials and the ways of using them are the way is to ask. But this is easy only if you know someone who knows same for local history research in any locality. When you have mas the answer. A newcomer who had just moved into the Manor House, tered the methods set forth in this little guide, you will be well for example, could find out from almost anyone in town that it was equipped to seek the solutions to similar mysteries anywhere in the built for Peter Jay Munro. But if she wanted to know where Munro United States. was born, or where he went to school, or what kind of work he did, What you discover about your house and the piece of land on which it stands will lead you in ever widening circles through your shed have to ask a great many people before finding one who knew neighborhood toyour village, your your your state,your the answer. In a case like this, the easiest way to find out is to look it � g � town, county, region. At some point you will begin to see how what happened on up. So I looked it up. I found out that Munro's father was an Anglican your piece of land was influenced by who was in the White House, and by what battles were being fought, and by what revolutions were clergyman and British Loyalist who returned to England during the American Revolution, and that Peter, his only child,was raised by his being made in technology, in industry, in transportation, and in mother's brother, John Jay of Rye. John Jay, of course, was a leader politics. Then you will see what "textbook history' has to do with you, in the movement for independence, being our minister to France and and it, too, may acquire life and interest for you--and for your Spain during the Revolution and the first Justice of the Supreme children. Court after the war was over. When Jay sailed for Europe in 1779 to Does Your House Have a Ghost? help Benjamin Franklin negotiate the peace, he took young Peter When you lie awake at night, looking at the cracks in your ceiling Munro with him, and by the time they returned to America, Peter had grown into a European-educated, multi-lingual young man. He en- and watching the shadows moving on the walls, do you ever wonder who was lying there 10, 20, 50, 100 years ago? The odds are high that tered the New York City law offices of Aaron Burr (another , someone was, for fewer than 200 of the 2,300 families now living in "textbook history' figure), and in a short time set up his own flourish the Village of Larchmont are the first to live in their house or apart ing law practice there. ment. And if your house is one of the 1,700 Larchmont houses built Information about important national figures like John Jay and before 1939, there is a good chance that someone was born in it, and Aaron Burr is readily available, but information about people like even better chance that someone died there. From the beginning Peter Jay Munro and the family that built your house is much har- an 8 9 1 der to find. The information about Peter Jay Munro is found mostly topmast," installed in 1917. Whether the topmast came from a in the Jay Family Papers, a large manuscript collection owned by the famous ship or not the record does not reveal, but it seems evident that the erection of a topmast as a flagpole in Manor Park in 1917 en library of Columbia University, part of which has been edited and tered the oral tradition to become confused at a later date with the published by Richard Morris; in the archives of the New-York His erection of a flagpole plain and simple in front of Village Hall in 1918. torical Society, which has some of his account books and a couple of short biographies published in 19th-century directories;in obscure pe Such is usually the case with legends: there is some truth in them, but riodicals, pamphlets, and private family papers; and scattered not the truth. throughout the 10-volume Documentary History of New York State. Yet another local tradition holds that Thompson J.S. Flint en- But don't believe everything you read. I found it written down in a gaged Frederick Law Olmsted to design Manor Park for the 1935 newspaper article that "the Manor House was built in 1816, the Larchmont Manor Company, which was formed in 1872. This story has variations. Sometimes it is said, instead, that the park was year Peter Munro's brother James was elected president." And several later authors have copied that error. In fact, the two families designed by Olmsted Brothers (Frederick's sons, who moved with had nothing in common but a somewhat similar pronunciation of their famous father from New York to Boston in 1878). Others have their names. (The construction date is not authoritative either, by the said the park was designed by Frank Towle,"an employee of Olmsted way.) Brothers," and sometimes the Olmsted name is linked not to the park but to the back yard of the Kane homestead at 60 Beach Avenue. Historians Are a Lot Like Lawyers Where is the evidence? Olmsted, the first American landscape architect,achieved fame for Historians are suspicious people who are always asking other his design of Central Park in 1858. His career and his works are very people, "How do you know that?" The fact that somebody said it, or wrote it, doesn't make it true. Historians want to know who said or well documented, in large thick books of which most libraries have wrote it, when, where, under what circumstances, for what purpose, copies. But nowhere in any of these books is there any mention of and on what evidence. Other things being equal, they will always pre- Larchmont, Mamaroneck, Flint, or Kane. The international Olmsted fer a written statement over an oral one, and a statement made close Parks Society has no record of Olmsted's reputed involvement in to the time of an occurence over a later one. But they always require Larchmont. Because Olmsted is so famous, and because his works evidence before they will even half believe anything. are so well known and so well documented, it is hard to believe that The legend of Peter Munro's relationship to James Monroe is he could have a done a job of this size without leaving any record of it. false--there is no truth in it, and this can be proven from historical So from an historian's point of view, there is no reason to believe that documents. Another Larchmont legend proven false is the tradition Olmsted designed Manor Park,or anything else in Larchmont. that the Village's 125-foot flagpole (chopped down in 1980) was originally the mast of a famous ship. I looked through all the old re- Historians Are a Lot Like Detectives cords in Village Hall, and Phil Reisman III interviewed all the old But even the legends that are totally untrue have some basis a su timers in the Village, trying to find evidence of that. We didn't find perficial similiarity of sound between two names, in the case of Mun any--but I did find, tucked into the Village Board Minute Books,a bill ro/Monroe, a superficial similarity of appearance between two ob of sale for a flagpole dated 1918,the year the pole was erected. jects, in the case of the flagpole/mast. What is the basis of the The only basis for the legend seemed to be the superficial re Olmsted/Manor Park legend? semblance between the stepped marine-style flagpole (a standard type In the very fine print of FLO: A Biography of Frederick Law still made today) and a tall mast, and there the matter rested until Olmsted by Laura Wood Roper, I noticed that in 1860 Olmsted was engaged to furnish plans for laying out "the New Rochelle residence 1990. In that year, browsing through the minutes of the Larchmont of E.K. Collins." Since I knew that the Manor House and, in fact, all Manor Park Society, I noted that the flagpole in Manor Park,erected with much fanfare in 1898,was destroyed by lightening in the summer of the Manor was owned in 1860 by Edward Knight Collins, and that in those days New Rochelle was our post office, I had found a clue to of 1916, and that Walter C. Hubbard donated as a replacement "one 10 11 1 the mystery that had been overlooked by researchers checking Olmsted indices for the headings "Larchmont," "Mamaroneck," and House of Mystery:60 Beach Avenue "Flint." Another intriguing legend has grown up about the house at 60 "Now," I said to myself, "how did Laura Roper know that?" And Beach Avenue. Julie Hayden, who grew up in the house, made a her footnotes and bibliography gave me the answer.They told me that delightful story out of it in her book, The Lists of the Past. She wrote Olmsted's papers are deposited in a special collection in the Library that the Civil War-era owners were abolitionists, and that the house of Congress. Writing to the keeper of the collection, I learned that in was a stop on the Underground Railroad. On the side porch is a the section headed "Private Estates" are found a letter and an item- chest, built into the floor; open the chest and you discover a flight of ized bill regarding this commission. That is the evidence--all the steps leading down to two doors. One door opens into the basement, evidence. So we are entitled to say that Olmsted or his employees and the other into a tiny room dug out of the foundation under the probably visited Larchmont in 1860, surveyed the estate, and drew a porch. According to the legend, fugitive slaves were rowed across the map of it--at least, the itemized bill would seem to prove that work Sound from Long Island and hidden in this secret room until the fol- was done. But possibly not; the bill may be only an "itemized es- lowing night. Then they were conducted through the woods to a tun- timate." There is no map in the collection, nor other proof that any- nel leading into the cellar of another house, up another set of secret thing was actually done. stairs, and out to a coach on the Post Road that would carry the The version of the legend that connects Frank Towle, "an runaways to safety in Canada. employee of the Olmsted Brothers," with Flint's Larchmont Manor Like most legends, this one probably has some truth to it, but Company comes closer to the truth. Frank Towle, who in 1872 what? The Civil War era owner of this property--from 1845 to bought the Gingerbread House at 1 Helena Avenue, was--according Emancipation--was Edward Knight Collins, the Yankee ship owner. to his New York Times obituary--a surveyor employed by the City of He had interests in the South--a packet line to New Orleans, and a New York. Many New York City surveyors were associated with house there. But because of his involvement in the cotton trade,he is Olmsted in the monumental task of laying out Central Park, and pos- highly unlikely to have favored abolition, much less have involved sibly Towle was one of them. What is certain is that it is Towle's himself in so illegal and subversive an activity as the Underground signature that appears on the map of Larchmont Manor drawn in Railroad,and there is no evidence at all that he did so. 1873(Map 610). Because oral traditions often skip a generation or two, it makes Although Towle's obituary in our local newspaper states that sense to trace the chain of title to the house on the chance that an "when Olmsted was retained to design and lay out Larchmont Manor, earlier owner may have been involved. It is believed that the house Mr. Towle was in charge of the work,"Olmsted's name was never, as was built around 1820 by Peter Jay Munro, owner of the Manor far as I can discover, linked to the Manor during Towle's lifetime. An House, and of much of the rest of Larchmont between 1795 and 1845. earlier obituary, that of Frank Towle's brother Stevenson Towle, says A slaveholder, Munro freed his slaves in the 1820s as required by that their father, Jeremiah, was a "famous engineer who had to do State law. There is no indication that he was ever involved in with laying out Central Park" and was "various times" Park Commis- abolitionist activity, although his cousin Peter Augustus Jay was presi- sioner, and this information checks out. All of this leads to but one dent of the New York City Society for the Manumission of Slaves conclusion: as time passed, all of these bits and pieces blurred in around 1832.The only Larchmont resident of known abolitionist sym- memory and oral tradition into the grand but erroneous belief that pathies was the outspoken James Mott of Revolutionary times. His the great man himself designed our beloved park. property extended from the Sound and the Premium River all the way to Beach Avenue and up to the Post Road, and in the early 19th cen- tury there were two houses on his land--the Mill House,still standing at 4 Pryer Manor Road, and a house whose location cannot be pin- pointed but was in the vicinity of 60 Beach Avenue. Yet, there is no indication in the family history (Adam and Anne Mott, by Thomas 12 13 1 Cornell) that Mott was involved in the Underground Railroad, and and other contemporary sources indicate that although slavery was this is not the sort of detail a family historian would omit. So how did the legend arise? One way to try to find out is to say to generally considered morally repugnant in the industrialized North- as many people as possible, "Here is a mystery. Do you know any east, a majority of people believed it was more important to preserve thing that will help to explain it?" Perhaps someone out there has a the Union than to abolish slavery throughout the nation. The more box of private papers that contain a clue, or even the whole explana extreme held, therefore, that abolitionists were traitors to the United tion. When Gary 'Criss reviewed the subject of the Underground States--and treated them accordingly. Railroad in Westchester for a 1988 article in the New York Times, a The Congress passed fugitive slave laws in 1793 and 1850, and local historian in South Salem assured him that there was "an active serious attempts to enforce these laws were made, especially after 1850. During the presidential campaign of 1860, feeling in solidly county route running along the Long Island Sound shoreline," but Democratic Westchester County ran high against Lincoln and his en- when he asked her how she knew that,she could offer no evidence.A Quaker historian in Scarsdale told }Criss she had a letter dated 1939 tire new party of "Black Republicans and Abolitionists." The major written by a descendant of abolitionists that lists a reputed"station"in newspapers in Westchester in White Plains,Peekskill,and Yonkers were exceptionally virulent in their attacks, and many of the citizens New Rochelle (into which town the Mott property ran),and the name of the stationmaster, but she prudently declined to release it pending of the county were committed to extreme States' Rights doctrines. further investigation. The Eastern State Journal, the official county newspaper, expressed widespread public opinion when it editorialized against abolition and Yet another way would be for an architectural historian to ex- amine the house itself, especially the attic and the basement, where called for the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Laws in 1861. details of construction can be seen that could help us know exactly When we examine the little that is known about the Underground Railroad in Westchester, we learn that all of the documented activity when the house was built. Early farmhouses often had "ice boxes"set into the foundations; perhaps the architect would recognize the little took place on the other side of the county, from New York City up the Hudson River to Albany and beyond. This makes sense, because room as the hiding place of nothing more than meat and milk. A long-distance travel of all kinds in those days took place on water,similar legend about the Hammond House in Mt. Pleasant was put to rest when Reginald Bolton identified its"secret room"as a root cellar. since the roads were few and very poor;also,it is easier to hide some one on a boat than in a coach making frequent stops at tollgates and We have been talking about solving mysteries by getting more specific. Another way of approaching the mystery of 60 Beach inns. Avenue is to broaden our field of inquiry and examine the context of Although many people were opposed to slavery, few were willing abolitionist activity. to risk fine and imprisonment by putting their beliefs into action. The few who did were usually motivated by a deep religious conviction We might be surprised to learn that abolition in general and the that slaveholding was sinful and by an historical tradition that re Underground Railroad in particular were highly unpopular in many quired them to act on their beliefs. This was the case of the Quakers, parts of the North, especially in New York. The economy of the en- tire nation was based on cotton--grown in the South and carried in who were the first group in America to raise objections to slavehold New York and New England ships like those of Collins from southern ing, and who even in colonial days disowned members who refused to ports to cotton mills in the industrial Northeast and overseas to free their slaves. Viewed in the larger context, then, it seems possible that James English mills. Any disruption of cotton production in the South Mott, a Quaker and a known and impassioned abolitionist,might have threatened the powerful mercantile and industrial interests in the North. participated in Underground Railroad activities. It seems more likely, In addition, although all of the states in which slaveholding was not however, that it was the participation of his granddaughter-in-law, profitable had outlawed slavery by 1846, it was soon found that insis Lucretia Coffin Mott in Philadelphia--that entered our oral tradition and eventually came to settle on an old house with a"secret room." tence on its abolition in the great agricultural states of the South threatened the Union. Congressional records, newspaper accounts, Finally, a look at the yet larger context of a longer and wider peri od of history of the Westchester Sound Shore suggests another ex- 14 15 I planation for whatever stealthy Sound-crossings, tunnels, and secret tour brochure as having been given by Thompson J.S. Flint to his rooms or passageways there might once have been: smuggling. The daughter Helena as a wedding present. Is there any basis for this tradition of illicit trade on our shores is long and well-documented, other than a real estate agent's puffery? (Land and tax records,vital from the days of Mamaroneck's founder, John Richbell, through the statistics and obituaries, and the testimony of Helena's great-nephew rum-running of Prohibition. Historians, like other scientists, sub- indicate that Helena bought the property from the Larchmont Manor scribe to the principle of simplicity: if a simple explanation is readily Company in June of 1881, when she was 31 years old and would have available, a complicated explanation is not to be sought. Since there been considered an elderly spinster; that her father died in July of is no evidence to support the legend of 60 Beach Avenue, it must be 1881; that the house was built in 1887; and that Helena was never en- relegated to the field of folklore unless new information should ap- gaged, much less married.) Or you might want to discover why it is pear. "common knowledge" that the half of the Manor School formerly standing on the site of 23 Prospect Avenue burned down in 1924. Migratory Legends and Folklore Motifs (Former owners say the old house was demolished in 1935 to make In fact, the legend of 60 Beach Avenue contains a number of ele- way for the new house now on the site,and records in the Building In- ments that turn up so often in American folklore that it is difficult to spector's Office confirm this.) Uncover the fascinating story of Amy escape the conclusion that it is merely folklore. One of the elements Crocker Gouraud, the first owner of what is now the Larchmont is the tunnel motif. Other Larchmont legends feature tunnels along Shore Club. Why is it said locally that Amy was the young widow of the Post Road, tunnels into the basement of the Manor House, tun- robber-baron Charles Crocker? (In fact,she was his daughter.) nels crisscrossing the land around Helena Flint's mansion at 85 You will have fun discovering the many other legends of Larchmont Avenue. It helps us to evaluate these legends to know Larchmont. It is even more fun asking the person who tells you the that tunnels were dug at the beginning of the 20th century along the legend,"How do you know that?"and then trying to find the evidence. Post Road to accommodate the new gas and sewer lines, and that the large houses and outbuildings of estates like Munro's and Flint's were once all served by a central heating plant to which they were con- nected by pipes in underground tunnels. It is also helpful to know that almost everywhere in the United States, the oldest house in town is believed to have a tunnel running down to the river,out to the high- way,or into the cave--depending on the topography of the region. Another universal folklore motif that is found locally concerns skeletal remains. Back in Europe in the Middle Ages, bones dis- covered near the Jewish quarter of a city were likely to give rise to wild stories of the kidnapping and crucifixion of young Christian boys. In places where, on the other hand, Catholics were the feared minority,bones discovered anywhere near churches or convents might incite dark rumors of fornication,sacrilege,and infanticide. When ex- amined by competent authorities (as they seldom are), such bones al- most always turn out to be the remains of animals. It is widely held locally that bones uncovered while constructing Monroe Avenue are those of Indian braves killed in a war party. It is not known on what authority,if any,this identification rests. Larchmont has many legends, some grand, some picayune. Take, for example, the house at 62 Magnolia Avenue once described in a 16 17 l Chapter Two: and increase your chances of finding what you're after. And if you The Basic Tools of Local History Research write for information, a self-addressed, stamped envelope of approp- riate size is expected by a private source; including one will improve your chances of getting a response from a public source,as well. An Encouraging Word to Sustain You If this is your first foray into the field of primary source material, Research is an adventure. Even though the born researcher would your initial reaction is likely to be exasperation, or at best, bewilder- agree with Ambrose Bierce that adventure is "discomfort viewed at a ment. Unlike textbooks and other secondary sources, primary distance," he is sustained by the thrill of pursuit and the joy of dis- sources were not recorded or arranged with our convenience in mind. covery.Happy hunting! Handwritten documents and microfilms are hard to read; the older the records, the more likely they are to be disorganized, partially Maps and Atlases missing, faded, stained, and decimated by mold. In addition, it is pos- sible to spend hundreds of hours in pursuit of an elusive fact and still It is good to start your research with maps,because maps offer the come up empty handed. The successful researcher combines the greatest amount of information for the least amount of effort. There tenacity of a barnacle with the instincts of Sherlock Holmes, the crea- is a list of Larchmont maps in Appendix C of this book. tive imagination of Alexander the Great, the faith of St. Teresa of Avila,and the luck of the Three Princes of Serandip. Insurance atlases provide the most information. They show Many of the records you are about to examine were made by ground outlines ("footprints") and indicate the number of stories and government officials for some immediate purpose and are now in the the material of which the house is made. If the outlines and the num- keeping of other officials who are also concerned with present-day af- ber of stories match those of your house,you can be fairly certain that fairs. These facts have two consequences to bear in mind. The first is it is the same house. (But not always; sometimes a new house is built that we can't expect present-day officials to drop present-day business on the foundations of a demolished one.) Atlases often record the to find us the records of yesteryear. The second is that we can't ex- names of landowners as well. The early maps that indicate buildings pect them to know what ancient records they have in their possession. only by dots may tell you that something was on your lot in 1881, but (We can hope, but we can't expect.) So when we run across someone you can't assume it was the same house that stands there today, and who knows what he's got and appreciates our interest in it, we've there is no outline to guide you. found a rare jewel who is to be treasured as such. A more likely re- sponse is,"What?We don't keep old stuff like that!" Even maps that show no buildings at all may be of some interest, When this happens, be pleasantly persistent. Having done your however. A mid-nineteenth century topographic map, for example, homework, you will know what the official is supposed to have--what, exposes the interesting fact that on the present site of 1 Beach by law, his office is required to keep for what period of time. All of Avenue,there was formerly a rather large fresh-water pond. the government documents discussed in this chapter are permanent records: they are not supposed to be discarded, ever. Explain very Let us suppose you are researching the spooky Mansard-towered clearly what, precisely, you are looking for, and why. Show that you Victorian house at 18 Beach Avenue. Start with the earliest map that appreciate how busy he is, but be firm. Ask for an appointment to shows footprints: Bien's 1893. There it is, with the same outlines as come back later, if necessary. The public has the right to see public today. And there is the owner's name, E. St. Clair Payson. The next records. older map, Bromley's 1881, shows a dot on this site. The next older, On the other hand,some very important sources are private.When Beers' 1872, does not.So just by spending a couple of minutes looking we ask to see these, we are begging a favor, not claiming a right. at three old maps, you have learned that 18 Beach Avenue was prob- Keeping the difference between public and private firmly in mind and ably built between 1872 and 1881, and that one of its early owners was tailoring your approach accordingly will save you much annoyance named Payson. 18 19 1 bought the property, you look that up, and so on back to the original patent granted to John Richbell. Land Records Bear in mind that the dates in the indexes refer to the date the Now we get to the hard part--and the real fun. In the Land Re- purchase was recorded, not to the date it was made. In the olden cords Office in the County Office Building in White Plains, you will days--which in this context means almost any time prior to the 20th find deeds, mortgages, and liens on property going right back to John century--new owners were often in less of a hurry to record their pur- Richbell's purchase from the Siwanoys. The indexes are divided by chases than they are today. In some cases, months, years, and even place and date and alphabetized both by the name of the seller (gran- decades lapsed between the transfer and its recording, and in others tor) and by the name of the buyer(grantee). First,locate the Town of the deed was never recorded at all. These facts eventually show up Mamaroneck grantee index for 1893. You will discover that Edith St. somewhere in a subsequent deed, but you may be fit to be tied by the Clair Payson bought the property in that very year from James Lewis time they do. Deming. Then look up Deming in the next older index,and the next-- Often in tracing the chain of title you will find that the same per- until you find that in 1874, James Lewis Deming bought a tract of son bought or sold a number of pieces of property at about the same land from the Larchmont Manor Company. In addition to the gran- time. Then you have no recourse but to look up each one in the libers tor/grantee information, this index indicates the liber (book or until you find the description that matches the property you are re- volume) and page where the deeds themselves are found. searching. This can be very time-consuming-- especially in the 1930s, The libers are located in the rear of this room. Take down Liber when the Larchmont National Bank ended up foreclosing mortgages 883, turn to page 35, and compare the description of the property you on, and thus becoming the owner of, half the property in town. read there with a contemporary description. Reference is also made Another snag is struck when you run all unawares upon a case where to block and lot numbers of Map 610. This is a real estate subdivision a woman bought property under one name and sold it under another, map, and it is found in the Photostat Room on another floor in this or when property passed by inheritance rather than by sale. Frequent- same building. There you will discover that it all checks out: James ly the deeds themselves will explain these situations,but sometimes a Lewis Deming did buy this very lot in 1874. trip to Probate Court or the tax records is required. Patience, per- It is important to remember that deeds "run with the land'; they severance, and the thrill of the chase will carry you over these rough seldom indicate what, if anything, was on the property. "Land and all spots. tenements and appurtenances thereof' reads the legal formula; that's what it says, whether there was on the land a mansion, a pig sty, or Tax Records nothing at all. The old deeds, unlike more recent ones, however, Since the warrant copies of real property tax rolls divide the total often contain interesting references to landmarks like creeks, boul- assessment into"land" and"improvements," they can be useful for dis- ders, unusual trees, wolf pits, and other features of the landscape. A covering not only the owner's name in any given year (in case you've substantial price increase in a short period of time may indicate the hit a sticky place in the chain of title),but also for determining when a erection of a building. (The price, if not given in the deed, can be house was built on the land. Under New York State law, village tax determined from the tax stamps affixed to it.) Mechanics' liens,when rolls must be retained by village officials, town tax rolls by the Town found, are helpful for establishing dates of construction and altera- Clerk. Unfortunately, the Larchmont Village tax rolls (which we tion. The existence of a bank mortgage usually implies the presence would expect to find from 1891 to the present) are incomplete, and of a building,but in the early days mortgages on unimproved property the Town of Mamaroneck tax rolls were destroyed by a flood in their were sometimes given to individuals to secure a debt. store room more than 50 years ago. Property Tax Record Cards do Perhaps you are interested in learning not only who the first owner exist in the Town Assessor's Office (in the Town Center at 740 W. was, but in the entire chain of title down to the present day.Start with Boston Post Road), but these go back only to 1950.Although they do the current owner,seeking her out in the grantee index;there you will include a construction date (and often a photograph) for each build- learn from whom she bought the property. Then look for this name ing, nobody knows how the date was determined, and in many cases in older grantee indexes; when you find out from whom this owner 21 20 where other evidence exists, the tax records have been proven wrong-- Girls--burned down in 1924. The folder also contains the architect's by 20 and 30 years, or more. Possibly some former assessor once just plans for the new neo-colonial that replaced it, showing the existing took a guess as he drove by, doing a windshield survey. "That looks house as it looked with its original siding. like a 1920s house," he may have said. Or "There's the house my Furthermore, the file for 5 Maple Avenue, next door, contains uncle said he helped build just before World War I." floor plans for the"new" house to be developed on this site out of half The County Tax Commission in the County Office Building has a of the 1890s house. The file also contains a page of instructions that few Real Property Assessment Rolls,but the county is not required by refer to cutting the salvaged wing free from the doomed main struc- law to maintain property tax records, and most of their rolls were ture, for building a new stairway and new partitions,and for re-siding destroyed several years ago to save space. When the burning began, the amputated wing. All of this is of considerable interest to anyone professional title searchers raised such an outcry that a few were researching 5 Maple, 23 Prospect, or the fate of the original house on saved. For Larchmont and the rest of the Town of Mamaroneck,only the site, home of village pioneer William R. Campbell and later of the rolls for 1933 survive. These give the name of the owner, the the Manor School. character of the property (commercial, residential, or non-profit), a description ("Pursuant to Official Tax Map"), value of land, and value Court Records of improvements. They are organized by section, block, and lot After you have discovered the names of former owners, you will number--which are different from those currently in force. want to learn all you can about them. It is a good idea to start by con- Although the county records cover only this one year, they could tacting former residents, if you can find them. This will seldom take be extremely useful for studying, say, the impact of the Depression in you back very far,however,and the information you gather in this way Larchmont. By looking up the Larchmont National Bank in the land must always be checked against records. One former owner of the records grantee indexes for the 1930s, we could compile a list of Manor House, for example, is responsible for the totally erroneous foreclosed properties. Many of these were subsequently sold for a statement that its first owner, Peter Jay Munro, was the brother of third or less of their mortgage value (and of course the owners lost all President James Monroe. of their equity). Other buildings, like the Royal Victoria Hotel and its One place to learn more about former residents is in the records cottages (assessed at $185,000 in 1933), could not be sold at any price of the probate, civil, and criminal courts. These records are kept in and were razed by the bank to reduce taxes. By comparing the lost the County Courthouse and the adjacent County Office Building in equity, the mortgage value, and the assessed valuation, we could dis- White Plains, and in the Records Center and Archives at 2199 Saw cover how many hundreds of thousands of dollars simply vanished Mill River Road in Elmsford. during those years. Start with Probate Court. Wills are indexed by year and name. If your man died in this county, you'll find him indexed. Even if he Village Building Inspector's OMce didn't, if he left substantial real estate in the county or several squab- Today we need permits to build,demolish,or make any substantial bling relatives, you're likely to find some record of his passing. There changes to our houses,but this was not always the case. Local law did is an interesting set of papers relating to Larchmont benefactor not require applications or the filing of plans before the 1920s. The Helena Flint, for example, even though she died in San Jose, Califor- first Building Code was not adopted until December of 1919; the first nia. Aside from detailing the disposition of estates, wills usually con- Zoning Ordinance was enacted in 1921. So although Mr. Devore has lain information on the sources of livelihood and previous residences a folder marked with your house's block and lot number, it is unlikely of the deceased, as well as explanations of family relationships that to contain anything earlier than the 1920s at best. enable us to discover how whole blocks of neighborhoods were once Still, interesting things turn up from time to time. Filed in the fol- united by ties of blood and marriage. Older probate records even in- der for 23 Prospect Avenue is the 1935 demolition order for the grand dude complete inventories of the household possessions of the old Queen Anne house that appears on this site on the 1892 map,put- deceased, and are one of the best sources historians have for learning ting to rest a persistent local legend that it--the Manor School for how domestic life was carried on in the early days. 22 23 And speaking of early days, be advised that early records are Yacht Club. You would find the notation that it was incorporated housed not in White Plains but in the Records Center and Archives in January 4, 1887, and a reference to Liber I, page 164 of the Corpora- Elmsford. How early is early? That depends on the type of record; lion Register. There you would discover a whole list of documents con- before taking to the road in search of a specific document,it is a good cerning the club and these, in turn, are available for your perusal. idea to call 285-3080, 592-1925, or 592- 5590 and inquire where it is The Records Center and Archives also has box upon box of records kept. Estate inventories for 1775 and 1782-1865, for example, are related to business and commerce, from the Horseshoers Register kept in the Archives, as are wills for 1777-1941, and the indexes to 1891-1904 and Index to Assumed Business Names 1900-1933 to Public coronor's inquests 1886- 1925 and to judgements, decrees and execu- Highway Records for 1720-1826 and 1919-1965. tions 1813-1911. Also be aware that while the county offices in White Plains are open 9-5 weekdays, the Records Center and Archives are Vital Statistics open to the public only on Tuesdays and Wednesdays from 9 to 4. Birth and death certificates issued more than 70 years ago are Ordinarily you can find the records of civil and criminal cases only available to the public in the County Office Building. In addition, if you already have a fairly good idea of what is contained in them-- births, deaths, and marriages for some years are recorded in registers the names of the parties to the suit, the court in which prosecuted, in Village Hall. Volume I begins with 1895. The later volumes have and the date. The Legal Division of the County Clerk's Office has indexes, but for the early years it is necessary to search, line by line, many indexes that can be useful if you have the plaintiff's name. through the records themselves. Although much of the information There are indexes of Judgements, Lis Pendens (suits pending), Spe- found here is of little interest to anyone but a family member doing cial Proceedings, Mechanics Liens, Supreme Court Cases, County genealogical research, these records do explain local kinship patterns, Court Cases,and County Court Minutes(Criminal and Civil). and occasionally a little drama leaps off the page. Such is the case of There are also a number of law indexes, like the New York State the three deceased Palmers, listed one right after the other, shot to Supplement, that contain the decisions of supreme, inferior, and death in their home on Weaver Street in 1897. Armed with the lower courts of record in New York State. Ryan Library of Iona Col- names, date, and an aroused curiosity,you can locate in court records lege has volumes covering 1892-1938 of the Supplement, and the Pace and old newspapers the lively, highly detailed accounts of tragedies Law School Library in White Plains has a complete set. At the begin- such as this. ping of each volume is an alphabetical list of cases, entered by both These records, and those of the Board of Health which are also defendant and plaintiff. Here you can read, for example, the begin- found in Village Hall, could be used for a demographic study of the ning of the prolonged controversy over the Royal Victoria Hotel, in- village. What were the leading causes of death 25, 50, 75 years ago? itiated in 1896 when Frederick Flint,acting for the Larchmont Protec- What could account for the changes? When did Larchmont babies tive Association, sought an injunction against May Charman (better stop being born at home? To what developments elsewhere was that known locally as Mrs. Joseph Wilcox) for "keeping an open bar and related? Have Larchmonters usually married within their religion? other irregularities"(vol.39,pp.892-95). Within their ethnic group? These, and many other questions, could be answered by diligent perusal of the vital statistics. Corporation Records Another interesting set of records found in the Legal Division of Census Schedules the County Clerk's Office concerns incorporated businesses. Cor- But even if your mystery man was born and wed elsewhere,had no porations are indexed alphabetically by year, starting in 1843. You children, avoided contact with law enforcement agencies, died some- could undertake an ambitious project like the reconstruction of the where else, and took it with him, there is still one government agency history of commercial development in the village by reading through he is not likely to have eluded: the U.S. Bureau of the Census. the entire set of indexes, taking note of every entity incorporated in The federal census, taken every ten years from 1790 to the present, Larchmont (or Mamaroneck for the pre-1891 period). Or you could collects detailed, wide-ranging information, often of a highly personal turn immediately to some particular organization,like the Larchmont nature. So personal, in fact, that the enumerated returns are kept 24 25 that the Royal Victoria Hotel was still in operation, under its pro- under a 70-year binder. But if the object of your curiosity was here in prietor, May Charman Wilcox--then 80 years old--and managers Mr. 1920 or earlier, it is likely that you can read his own answers to ques- and Mrs. James Dower, as well as 18 servants. tions like these: Where were you born? Who were your parents? There are other, more limited, census records as well. In the Where were they born? How much is your property worth? What is Documentary History of New York State you can find population your trade or profession?Can you read and write? figures for the Town of Mamaroneck prior to 1790. From these re- The easiest way to do this is to drive up to SUNY-Purchase. The cords, for example, we learn that in 1712, there were only 84 in- library there has on microfilm the federal census for Westchester for habitants in the entire town. Nine were slaves, 29 were white male every year except 1890; Westchester's returns for that year, like those adults, and only 16 were women between the ages of 16 and 60-- of most of the rest of the nation, were destroyed by a fire many years leading to the conclusion that in 1712 the Town of Mamaroneck was ago in their repository in Washington. home to no more than 16 families at most, with 30 children among Although the census returns regarding inviduals are open to us them. Also, the Village Board Minutes contain the census taken in only through 1920, aggregated data are released for every census. 1891 to determine if there were enough residents to permit incorpora- The aggregated data categorize numbers of people and things in a tion. Although this census lists only heads of household and the num- locality under several headings, which vary from decade to decade-- ber of people in each, it is especially useful because there are no for example, slaves, free blacks, males over 100 years of age, il- federal census returns for 1890, and the 1890s are a critical period in literates, homeowners, immigrants, types of businesses, age of hous- the history of our village. The 1891 census is incorporated into Ap- ing stock, agricultural products, and the like. This information allows pendix B,"Who Was Who in Larchmont in 1891." us to form an idea of what our community was like in any decade we choose. Voter Registration Records New York State also conducted a census every 10 years,beginning Village records go back only to 1970. The permanent records are in 1825. Tragically, nearly all the Westchester schedules perished in kept by the County Board of Elections, whose office is at 134 Court the 1911 fire in the Capitol Building in Albany. Copies of those that Street in White Plains. Since these provide the addresses as well as survived--for 1905, 1915, and 1925 only--are available in the County the names of voters, they are one of the few sources available for Records Center and Archives. These schedules are particularly useful identifying tenants, who of course do not show up in land or tax re- because they include street addresses, and the 1925 schedule even cords. Suppose you were interested in knowing who the first tenants gives house numbers. (Larchmont streets were numbered between of the Albee Court Apartments were. Having found their names by 1916 and 1920 as a requirement for home delivery of mail,which for- perusal of the voter registration records,you could then consult other merly had to be picked up at the post office.) The streets have been sources to learn more about them. Were they, predominantly,young renumbered since, however, so you will have to consult a contem- married couples from New York City who had not yet started their porary insurance atlas to get the correct address for your house at families? Or were they older people, possibly widows or widowers, that time. who had previously owned houses here? Did they commute to work, In addition to the name and address of the head of household, the or were they local merchants and professional people? Answers to State census gives the names of other members of the household and such questions enable us to study patterns of settlement in the village. their relationship to the head; color, sex, and age of each; country of The records in the office of the Board of Elections, unhappily, go birth and citizenship; occupation; and class. If you were, for example, back only to 1927. Where are the earlier records? It is a mystery. researching the Manor School, you could learn from the 1915 sched- The Board moved to its present offices in 1927, and the supervisor ule that in June of that year its principal, Mary E. Hull, was in re- believes the prior records were discarded at that time. This some- sidence, and that she was white, female,60 years of age, and a native- times happens, even to permanent records,but usually they are stored born citizen of the United States. Also in residence were the butler, somewhere and forgotten. Maybe you will be persistent enough, and George Murphy,a 19-year-old black male;and the cook,Elsie Taylor, lucky enough,to discover the hiding placce of our pre-1927 records. a 46-year-old black female. From the 1925 census you could discover 27 Town and Village Record Books Old Newspapers and Magazines The early Town records were transcribed and published in 1979. This is the closest thing to a time capsule currently available. Three manuscript volumes are included in the transcription: the Open one, and you'll be dead to the world for hours. The best early Town Record Book, 1756-1878; the Record of Slave Children Born in source for Larchmont is the Mamaroneck Paragraph. The Mamaroneck since 1799; and the Town Minute Book, 1697-1881. A Mamaroneck Free Library has this on microfilm dating from 1890. It few miscellaneous documents are also included. Every devotee of includes a page of Larchmont news every week. Editor C. Frank local history is indebted to Dr. Mary English, who undertook this Rice,God rest his soul,was a man with an eye for houses and vegeta- tedious, time-consuming task as a labor of love for our community. tion. He reported all the local real estate activity, and didn't neglect She even added an index, which immeasurably brightens the to inform his readers when Mrs. Bevan painted her chocolate-brown researcher's task. boarding house daffodil yellow, or when William Campbell's stately elm tree died. Up to the 1930s, the local papers carried"Summer Directories" of Although the book is intended as a reference work, reading it vacationers on our shores. Fifty to a hundred Larchmont houses were through from start to finish provides an understanding of the growth rented out every season, and these directories provide the only way of of the Town hard to acquire by other means. There are not many re- knowing where famous non-owner summer residents like Mary Pick- ferences to people or places within what are now the boundaries of ford and Charles Dillingham laid their heads. Larchmont Village, reinforcing evidence found elsewhere that this There have been four series of newspaper articles on local history. part of the Town was very thinly populated before the development of The first, by Sue Robinson, ran in the Larchmonter- Times in 1924, Larchmont Manor. There are no records for the seven-year period of and can be read on microfilm in the Larchmont Public Library. The the Revolutionary War, 1771-1783, which brings home to us in a very second, by Robert Forbes, is closely based on the Village Board powerful way the fact that civil government was destroyed and Minutes and ran in the Larchmont Times throughout 1935 and into anarchy prevailed in"the Neutral Ground"during those years. (Some 1936. The third, by Philip Severin, first appeared in the Daily Times documents teach us as much by what they omit as by what they con- in 1948-49 and was reissued and updated from 1967 to 1970. The tain.) The poverty of expression, the eccentric spelling and punctua- fourth series, with Mamaroneck articles by Don Wolfe and tion, and the difficulty in the early years of finding anyone in town Larchmont articles by myself, ran in the Daily Times 1981-1984. A who could write at all illustrate more vividly than any set of statistics fifth series,of which 1 am the author,began on January 6, 1991. ever could the social and economic status of those who founded our Larchmont had its own newspaper as early as 1897,but the oldest community, and the level and extent of education available here in copies found today are file copies of the Larchmonter-Times dating those years. from 1911. Stored for years under deplorable conditions, many had deteriorated beyond salvation when the Larchmont Historical Society undertook to microfilm them in 1980. The volume for 1911 had a big Village records begin with the unpublished Village Board Minute hole eaten by mold right through the center of all 52 issues, so the microfilming began with 1912 and ends with the last issue, published Books in September 1891, the month the Village was incorporated. in 1955. A list of Larchmont newspapers both lost and found is given Robert Forbes made these the basis of his series of local history ar in Appendix D.Who knows? Maybe you'll find the lost ones stored in tides published in the Larchmont Times in 1935 and 1936, turning the faded manuscript into a neatly printed narrative. These may be read your basement or under the eaves in your attic. on microfilm in the Larchmont Public Library. The Village also has Nearby local papers are worth examining as well, for they often minute books for the Board of Health, the Zoning Commission, and contained a page of"vicinity news," and can be used to supply gaps in local holdings. The first newspaper printed in New York State was other committees. the New York Gazette, a weekly that began publication in 1725. 28 29 1 Westchester County had no newspaper until after 1783; county resi- These old periodicals bring us about as close as we can get to dents read and advertised in New York City journals. A few short- savoring the actual taste and texture of the past. But as we bask in lived, up-county papers appeared after the Revolution, but the first the authenticity of the aura, we must remember that newspapers are paper to attempt to serve a county-wide audience was the Westchester often inaccurate in detail. Reporters are not leisurely scholars; they Spy in 1830. The White Plains Eastern States Journal commenced write down what they observe,or what people tell them on the spot.If publication the following year, and it is the best source for the early their informants are mistaken or mendacious, so too are the stories days. It is available on microfilm in the White Plains Public Library. they write. But while we should maintain a skeptical attitude until New Rochelle Public Library has early New Rochelle papers on mic- deeper research confirms or corrects the account we read, yet it is rofilm; the Rye Free Reading Room and the Rye Historical Society substantially true and points us in directions of search and discovery have Rye and Port Chester papers, and the Mount Vernon Argus has we could never have found in another way. What is more, the lively, yielded many welcome tidbits. The local paper often carried a laun- personal style of the old periodicals recreates for us the smell, the dered version of a local story--a version calculated to save subscribers' taste, the sound, and the feeling of the past in a way that flawlessly ac- and advertisers' feelings and flatter local pride--while our neighbors curate scholarship never could. The local newspaper is the sole re- gleefully recounted every sorry detail. pository of much of the history of a small community like ours; a way Although it is great fun just to read through these old periodicals, of life becomes extinct forever when these papers turn to dust. if you are interested in a specific person or event, some finding aids are available. Chief among these are the New York Times indexes, Village,Town,and County Histories available from the first issue in 1851 to the present. There is also a The closest thing to a village history published prior to 1991 is Ed- separate obituary index for 1858 through 1968. The nearest complete ward Tatum's Story of Larchmont Manor Park, published by the sets of these are found in the New Rochelle Public Library,which also Manor Park Society in 1946. This is a graceful, highly readable ac- has the New York Times itself on microfilm from the first issue to the count of the early days, but it is limited. A booklet published under present year. An extremely useful Personal Name Index has been Town auspices in 1961, on the occasion of the Town's tercentenary, completed from "A" through "S" for 1851-1974; a copy is found in provides an attractive and largely reliable account of Larchmont Vil- Ryan Library of Iona College in New Rochelle. The White Plains lage as well as of the rest of the Town. It contains some obvious er- Public Library has indexed a number of White Plains and other rors, however, like that of referring to Yankee seaman E.K.Collins as county newspapers for some years. "a gentleman from Mississippi"-- an error that has been tiresomely re- Once you have a date for a death or other event,you can approach peated by nearly every writer since. other, un-indexed newspapers with some hope. The New York Public In 1936, William Fulcher, a Mamaroneck High School history Library has all of the New York City newspapers on microfilm, and teacher, published Mamaroneck through the Years. Although this work some of these, like the World and the Tribune, often give fuller, provides much information and suggests many areas for further re- "juicier" versions of a story than does "the good grey lady," the New search, it is not well documented and appears to have been put York Times. together rather hastily out of miscellaneous records and interviews Every now and then, something turns up in an old magazine. The with local residents. Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature is the most promising finding Five county histories contain chapters on Mamaroneck or briefer aid for 1900 to the present. Poole's Index goes back to 1802. By con- references to local people and places. A chapter by Edward F. suiting the latter, I made a fabulous find: a piece by Russell Stockton Delancey was published in 1886 in Thomas Scharfs History of • entitled "Larchmont and Orienta" in Munsey's Magazine for August, Westchester County and has been reprinted in booklet form by the 1892. This provided, along with much else of interest, a list of early U.S. Bicentennial Committee of the Village of Mamaroneck. Delan- stage actors who made their homes in Larchmont, and gave me the cey's ancestors included Heathcotes and Van Cortlandts; he had ac- identities of James Lewis Deming and other bare names I had been cess to many original documents, a fine classical and legal education, stalking for years. 30 31 1111111 and a polished writing style. A useful bibliography of other works re- Affairs, and in the History of the Bench and Bar of New York. Edward lating to Mamaroneck history is found at the end of the booklet. Knight Collins and his Woodruff in- laws turn up in Joseph Scoville's In addition, there are Robert Bolton's History of the County of delightful Old Merchants of New York City. Westchester (rev. ed. 1881); Alvah French's History of Westchester County (4 vols., 1925); Ernest Freeland Griffin's Westchester County City,Social,Telephone,and Business Directories and Its People (3 vols., 1946); Frederic Shonnard and W.W. Before there were telephone directories, there were city and busi- Spooner's History of Westchester County (1900); Otto Hufeland's ness directories. And there were--and are--social directories, like the Westchester County during the American Revolution, 1775-1783 (1926); Social Register and the Countryside Social List. Many of these cover and the 1899 Biographical History of Westchester County (no author more than one municipality, and most local libraries have at least a given),which lists 14 Larchmont residents,including Charles and Wil- few. The most extensive collection I've found is held by the New Liam Murray and Carsten Wendt, for whom Larchmont streets have Rochelle Public Library, which has city and business directories in- been named. eluding Larchmont from 1901 to 1931,as well as a smattering of social The Biographical History, like French's volumes III and IV and directories. (House numbers,when given,must be used with care,for Griffm's Volume III, is one of that class of works historians derisively the number of your house is likely to have changed one or more times refer to as "mug books," so it must be used with care--even with sus- since the 1920s.) Here you can learn not only the names of the resi- picion. This once-popular form was got up by subscription, by con- dent family but also the names of servants,whether the family owned [acting all the "substantial people" in a county and offering to include a car, and where they summered. (By the 1920s, many Larchmont their portrait and a family history in return for a donation to help Manor families had summer homes elsewhere.) For those who lived meet the cost of publishing. Usually the substantial man (and they in New York City during part of the year, the New-York Historical were all men) himself wrote his own entry, so the account sometimes Society library has the directories to search. turned out to be a sort of secular hagiography in which the subjects traced their lineage, imagined as well as real, through a series of Local History Collections in Public Libraries saints and heroes back to the Plantagenets and beyond. The Larchmont Public Library has a box of file cards listing its local history holdings. Most of these are kept in a locked cabinet at Biographical Dictionaries the rear of the first floor and consist largely of clippings tucked into These are distinguished from mug books in that they are works of folders under various heads--"Brochures: General Information," scholarship,but some are more reliable than others. Local luminaries "Larchmont Pictures," and "Larchmont Churches: Historical Only," like shipping magnate Edward Knight Collins and stage stars Kate for example. Edward Tatum's book on Larchmont Manor Park, Rita Claxton and James Lewis [Deming] are found in the prestigious Dic- Grunwald's picture book of Larchmont in the 1950s, and other items tionary of American Biography, available at most libraries. Larchmon- are also kept here. This material is best described as miscellaneous, ters frequently appear in Who's Who, and any good research library but you might find here precisely that stray fact you're pursuing. The will have a complete set, from its beginning in 1897. There is also an library also has in storage a nice collection of old maps, photos, and historical volume, entitled Who Was Who, of national notables who Flint family memorabilia. These are displayed from time to time, or died before 1896. The National Cyclopedia of American Biography is a you can make an appointment for a private viewing.In addition,there comprehensive 19th-century work that includes our Dr. Edward Bliss is an outstanding slide-tape program entitled"Larchmont through the • Foote and his son,Dr.Edward Bond Foote. Years" created by Sherman Totten, and a dozen or more oral history There are histories and biographical dictionaries of the profes- tapes made by the Bicentennial Committee in 1976. sions, some dating back to the 18th century. There are, for example, "Oral history" is a form much in vogue of late, although many articles on James John Roosevelt (who in the early 19th century traditional historians consider it almost a contradiction in terms. owned a large farm in the Forest Park Avenue area) in Appleton's Some fine oral histories have been compiled by outstanding scholars Cyclopedia of American Biography, in Henry Hall's Successful Men of like Studs Terkel and the contributors to the oral history collection at 32 33 40111111 emir— Columbia University, but oral histories undertaken under less august auspices are correspondingly less reliable. The unaided human Municipal Historians memory is a poor thing, fragile and selective at best. Much of what New York is one of the few states in the nation that have a net- gets recorded on oral history tapes is what the law calls "hearsay" and work of officially-appointed municipal historians. Some of these does not admit as evidence in court. Oral histories, like other unwrit- people are salaried public employees, and some have been given col- ten accounts, are best used to capture the flavor of the past, and to lections and room to store and display them. Your Village and Town discover themes and avenues for research in written records. historians, however, are volunteers, and have no publicly-owned materials in their keeping. Their first priority is to research projects requested by their appointing official; they also speak to and consult The Mamaroneck Free Library has a splendid collection of old with groups, and may be able to answer specific questions by mail. photographs, many of them unidentified. I located a c. 1905 shot of You can contact them through the Village or Town Clerk's office. the interior of the Manor School, and about half a dozen portraits of The Westchester County Historian, an employee of the county,works Larchmont houses taken around 1920, as well as two albums of snap- out of the County Office Building in White Plains.The number to call shots documenting the construction of the Larchmont Reservoir. is 285-2638. Perhaps you will recognize your house among the unidentified. This library has a number of other resources that include references to Private Collections Larchmont--Anne Hockman's typescript survey of all the cemeteries Most historical societies are private, non-profit organizations. The in the Town, including our Quaker Cemetery on the Post Road, for Larchmont Historical Society has a growing collection in its Archives example,and Thomas Cornell's Adam and Anne Mott,a history of the on the third floor of the Mamaroneck Town Center,open to the pub- family that owned the Mill House and Premium Mills on Pryer lic Monday, Tuesday, and Friday afternoons from 1 to 3. You can Manor Road until the mid-19th century. Cornell's book provides vir- also call 381-2239 for an appointment. The Mamaroneck Historical tually the only source of information about our area in Revolutionary Society also has a respectable collection, centered on the Village of and early Federal times. Mamaroneck, in its quarters at the Emelin Theatre behind the Mamaroneck Free Library. The Huguenot-Thomas Paine Historical Society on North Avenue The vertical files of other libraries in the county are worth pursu- in New Rochelle has an outstanding collection, being the beneficiary ing, too. They invariably have a file labeled "Westchester County," of Otto Hufeland and of Larchmont's own Charles Pryer, anti- and some have files devoted exclusively to Larchmont or quarians with stellar collections. Its library is not open to the public, Mamaroneck--not much in them,but again,you might get lucky. but a serious researcher with a clearly defined research problem is likely to be admitted by appointment. While we're on the subject of public libraries, this is a good place The collections of the Westchester County Historical Society are to point out that through the interlibrary loan network the local lib- best for the White Plains and up-county areas, but Larchmonters fre- rary can you any book in the State system, and a photocopy of any pe- quently were involved elsewhere in the county and so may turn up riodical. (But you have to ask. Otherwise, the local librarian may here. Materials directly related to Larchmont are few--but it is here check the Westchester system only and if he does not find it there, that the splendid Howell Scrapbook is found. The scrapbook contains mail you a postcard with the frustrating message,"Not available.") For newspaper clippings, photos, maps, programs, and other souvenirs books and periodicals not in the State system, make your request collected by Miss Ella Howell (1850-1941), the last resident of the 40- through a library that subscribes to the national network. College and room Howell Mansion that once stood near Weaver Street in Howell unversity libraries perform this service for their own students and Park. The Society, quartered in the County Records Center and Ar- faculty; lacking such a connection, you still have access through the chives in Elmsford, also has a complete run of Do You Know Fifth Avenue Research Branch of the New York Public Library. Larchmont? from 1933 to 1945, a monthly publication focusing on 34 35 11111 club news and advertising; a few Larchmont photographs; some club prestigious university and flash your student ID. Become a member year books;and other miscellaneous items. of the organization. The New-York Historical Society on Central Park West in New Church records are another important private source. Most local York City would be worth a visit if only for the pleasure of seeing how churches have some sort of membership list, records of burials in a world-class research library is run. But it also has holdings pregnant church-owned cemetery plots, and perhaps, certificates of weddings with information on Larchmonters who owned businesses or winter and christenings. In addition, most denominations have state- or houses in the city, and a staff of research librarians with seemingly in- nation-wide archives. The Mormons, who believe that every latter- exhaustible stores of suggestions of new avenues to explore. In the day saint is obligated to know all of his ancestors so they can be ad- same category is the American History and Genealogy Division of the mitted to the sect even after death, maintain in Salt Lake City the Fifth Avenue Research Branch of the New York Public Library, greatest genealogical collection in the world. This denomination has whose librarians are true scholars. The same can be said, of course, sent field workers all over the world to microfilm birth,marriage, and for the rest of this institution, one of the greatest research libraries in death certificates, and other sorts of personal records. The Society of the world,whose only peer in the United States is the Library of Con- Friends (Quakers) has a small but splendid collection housed in the gress. If it exists, the New York Public--the Research Libraries of Haviland Records Room in New York City. Here, by appointment, which are not public,by the way--either has it or can get it for you. you may be allowed to examine the Minutes of the Mamaroneck The New York Genealogical and Biographical Society at 122 E. Meeting,which met in Larchmont from 1704 to 1768. 58th Street in New York City is the place to look for information on early Larchmonters you've failed to find elsewhere. The city has a You may also find business records, and the minutes of clubs and mouth-watering variety of other specialty museums and libraries, any civic and fraternal organizations. The New York Public Library has one of which may well be the repository of some unique tidbit of an interesting collection of Palmer family papers that provide many Larchmont lore,but few are disposed to let a stranger conduct a hunt details of the New York City tortoise-shell comb factory owned in the ing expedition, and some of them give the impression of being about mid-19th century by Thomas Palmer, owner of what came to be as easily accessible as the archives of the Kremlin. Approaching the known as the Howell Mansion on Weaver Street. An account book keeper of the gates knowing exactly what you are looking for and used by Peter Jay Munro as a director of the Westchester Turnpike bearing evidence that it is inside can help but not always. A unique Corporation is in the collection of the New- York Historical Society. copy of Curtin's Westchester County Directory for 1868-69 is held by the Present-day businesses and organizations may have record of interest New York Academy of Medicine, according to Sources for American to you,too. Civilization 1800-1900 in New York City: Manuscripts and Printed Materials (Columbia University Press, 1962), as is a copy of John Bevan's 1862 History and Atlas of Westchester County by the Museum of the City of New York--but that cuts no ice. "That work is not in There are also, of course, individuals who have collections of local our collections," says the NYAM. "Our collections are unavailable; memorabilia--family papers, photographs, old postcards. If you can we have nothing in print which is not available in other libraries,"says find such people, and can engage their interest in your research pro- the MCNY. Would you settle for viewing photographs of the only ject, they may be persuaded to open their trunks and attics to you. known portraits of Peter Jay Munro and his wife, Margaret White? Unless they are members of your family or close friends, however, Pick a day when the stars are propitious, hold your mouth just right, they should be approached only after you have learned everything you and they will be forthcoming from the Frick Collection. can from the sources listed in this book and can ask for specific in- But access policies change; try again next year--or the next. Try formation not elsewhere available. Even the best-natured person gets writing your request on an impressive letterhead.Get a letter of intro- a little testy the sixth time she answers the telephone to hear, "I'm duction from someone of renown. Sign up for a graduate course at a doing a report on Larchmont. Would you send me everything you've got? I know nothing,so anything will help." 36 37 ■ to TRAILS Acting Coordinator, NYS Archives & Record Ad- ministration,Cultural Education Center,Albany, NY 12230. Statewide Archives and Records Database For several years, the New York State Archives and Records Ad- Other ministration has been compiling a database of information on archival There are yet other sources to explore--the National Archives, the records in historical records repositories and in State and local vast holdings of the Library of Congress, and more--but by the time government collections. Appropriately named TRAILS (Total Re- cords and Archives Information and Liaison System), this database is your reach this point, you have passed beyond the boundaries of this little book and are operating in the territory of the independent re- intended to provide researchers with "well-marked paths through the information forest to locate relevant material." searcher,who can discover his own paths to follow. The Historical Documents Inventory (HDI) forms the core of TRAILS. Beginning in western New York State in 1978 and proceed- ing county-by-county toward Long Island, field workers surveyed the archives of government and private institutions, libraries, historical societies, museums, universities, and other repositories. For each county inventoried, a printed guide is available, indexed by personal name, corporate name, place name and subject; this information is also available through RLIN (Research Libraries Information Net- work). By 1989, guides to 51 counties had been published. Although the survey stage was scheduled to be completed in 1990,at this writing the guides of most interest to us--those to Westchester, Nassau, and Suffolk counties, and to Manhattan, Brooklyn, and the Bronx--have not yet appeared in print or on line. In addition, the work completed to date does not include all of the collections in such large re- positories as the New York State Archives and the Manuscripts and Special Collections Section of the New York State Library. We need not, however, merely wait with baited breath for the pub- lication of this most specifically relevant information. If you are re- searching a former resident who moved here from a county for which a guide already exists; or an institution or phenomenon--early provi- sions for public welfare such as orphanages or poor houses, for ex- ample, or civil defense during World War I--finding aids may already be available. For information on ordering existing and forthcoming guides, contact the Department of Manuscripts and Unversity Ar- chives, 101 Olin Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14851 (607- 255-3530). For access to RLIN, inquire about the current searching policy of one of the RLIN members, such as the New York Public Library Research Libraries (212-930-0804), the Rockefeller Archive Center (914-631-4505), New-York Historical Society Library (212- 873- 3400), New York University Bobst Library Archives (212-998- 2644), or Columbia University Butler Library Rare Books and Manu- scripts (212-280-2231). For more information about TRAILS, write 39 Appendix A: Motts. Sometime before 1741, the Palmers built a mill at the mouth A Primer of Larchmont History of the Premium River on the Sound, and in 1775 James Mott, a Quaker from Hempstead, Long Island, bought the mill site and a The Middle Neck of Richbell's Purchase: 1661-1700 house there. The house still stands, at 4 Pryer Manor Road,just be- In September of 1661,John Richbell landed at Mamaroneck Har- side Red Bridge (so called because the old mill was known as the Red i bor and purchased three necks of land from the Siwanoy Indians. At Mill). Mott was famous in his day as an educator and an abolitionist. that time, all of what is now lower Westchester County was controlled His grandson, also named James, married Lucretia Coffin, who be- by the Dutch West India Company of New Amsterdam. Richbell was came a great Quaker preacher and feminist. She and her husband an Englishman engaged in trade between Massachusetts and Bar- lived briefly with his brother on a farm and mill site known as Hickory bados in defiance of the English Navigation Laws. It appears that he Grove, near Hickory Grove Drive in the Town. intended to use this land as a base for smuggling operations. During the Revolution, southern Westchester County was known The English Crown soon gained control, however, putting an end as "the Neutral Ground"--a no-man's land between the English lines to Richbell's illicit trade. The East Neck was sold to Caleb Heath- in New York City and the American lines in Connecticut. The far- cote, became part of Scarsdale Manor, and is Mamaroneck Village mers were over-run first by one army or its sympathizers, then by the today. The West Neck--now Davenport Neck, a part of New other. There was no government here capable of maintaining order, Rochelle--was sold to Jacob Leisler for the Huguenots. The Middle and thugs and bandits--known as Cowboys and Skinners-- operated at Neck became Larchmont Village. will, stealing livestock and burning crops in the fields. The Mott mill was raided several times. The Motts held on, however, and after the Palmer's Plantation: 1700-1790 war developed one of the largest flour-milling operations in the East. The Middle Neck was sold in 1700 to Samuel Palmer, a Quaker But most gave up and moved away--to Harrison, Purchase, Bedford, farmer born in Connecticut. He built his farmhouse near the present or farther inland. Thus at the end of the war, Peter Jay Munro was site of the Larchmont Public Library. At that time, Quakers and able to buy nearly all of the land formerly belonging to the Palmers. other dissenters from the English Church needed permission from the Crown to meet for worship; in 1704, Palmer was granted permission Munro's Neck 1790-1845 to hold Quaker meetings in his home. A meeting house was later Peter Jay Munro was the son of Henry(Harry) Munro, a pastor in built across the Post Road, on land donated by Palmer, who also the Church of England. As an enemy of the American cause, Henry donated adjacent land for a Quaker burial ground. was forced to return to England. He abandoned his family to the care Throughout colonial times, the local center of settlement was at of Peter's uncle,John Jay of Rye. Mamaroneck Harbor. Prior to independence, roads were mere When Jay was sent to Europe to help Benjamin Franklin negotiate rutted, muddy trails; transportation was mainly by water,and the har- the peace, he took young Peter with him. Upon their return to New bor at Mamaroneck provided the best place for landing a boat. York, Peter entered the law offices of Aaron Burr. In 1795, he There were fewer than 100 people in the entire Town in those bought the Palmer homestead and later built a house, now called the days, and the Palmer family seems to have been almost alone on the Manor House, at 18 Elm Avenue. He had a row of larch trees Middle Neck. That is probably because the main activity was farming, planted to screen his house from the Boston Post Road. These trees and the land that later became Larchmont Village made very poor and the little hill on which they stood later gave our village its name. farmland. There was little but marsh and salt meadow below the Post Peter Jay Munro had a law practice in New York City, and he was Road, and little but stoney knolls above.The best farmland lay on the also a state assemblyman, a member of the New York State Constitu- high ground in what is now the unincorporated area, along Weaver tional Convention, and an incorporator of the Westchester Turnpike. Street and up towards Quaker Ridge Road. He died in 1833 and was buried in the Jay Family Cemetery behind Other than Samuel Palmer and his four sons who inherited his the Jay Mansion in Rye. land, the only early Larchmont settlers we know much about are the 40 41 Two other men of affairs from New York City acquired country Jackson had his eye on the main chance, and after the New York estates in Larchmont at about the same time Munro moved his per- and New Haven Railroad made its first run through Larchmont on manent residence here. In 1820, Lloyd Saxbury Daubeny,the son of a December 25, 1848, he joined with another New York City in prosperous New York City family and the husband of Munro's cousin dustrialist, Thaddeus Davids (the ink manufacturer for whom Davids Island is named) to sell off the old Roosevelt estate as a suburban de- Susan Titford, bought from the Palmer assignees 82 acres above the velopment called"Chatsworth". The Chatsworth Land Company built Post Road in the area now called Pinebrook. Although Daubeny a depot near the site of the present railroad station and threw its lots served as Mamaroneck Inspector of Schools in the late 1830s, it ap on the market, but the attempt at suburbanization was premature. pears that he visited his country place infrequently, leaving it in the The lots were finally sold in several large parcels to investors,but vir- care of a resident overseer or tenant farmer. In 1857 the property tually nothing was built in "Chatsworth," either above or below the was sold to Patience Bonnett, who also rented out the land, and in 1863 to Mary S. Myers. She was the wife of James Van Schoonhoven railroad tracks,until the 1890s. Myers, a wholesaled oods merchant whoseprimaryresidence was y ryg Collins' Point,or"Larchmont": 1845-1865 in Brooklyn. "cottage" In 1845, Munro's heirs sold the part of his estate that lay below the The Myerses erected a spectacular 29-room about 200 feet north of the Post Road where Beach Avenue is now located and Post Road to Edward Knight Collins, a Yankee seaman from Truro, Massachusetts,who began to work in the New York shipping industry resided there with their extended family for nearly 40 summers. in 1824. He established America's first steamship line in regular com- During the Myers' long ownership, however, the property continued munication with European ports, secured the first transatlantic U.S. to be described as a farm, suggesting that most of the land continued to be rented as farmland or pasture. An attempt to operate the house Mail contract, and by 1850 was one of the wealthiest men in New as a summer resort called the Chatsworth Inn was made for a season York. He named his estate "Larchmont," added a flamboyant Vic- or two after Mr. Meyers' death,but the enterprise was not successful torian porch to Munro's Federal style house, and commissioned Frederick Law Olmsted to survey its grounds. and the house was torn down in 1903 when the property was sold to The Collins steamship line, however, suffered a series of disasters Edward McVicker,a New York City developer. and went bankrupt in 1858. Most of Collins' estate was sold at auc- The other New York City gentleman who acquired an estate here tion in 1865 to a New York City banker and real estate developer, in the mid-19th century was James John Roosevelt, son of Jacobus (also known as James I.) Roosevelt and a brother of Cornelius Thompson J.S.Flint. Roosevelt, Munro's partner in the Westchester Turnpike Corpora- tion. Roosevelt purchased property north of the Post Road from Larchmont Manor. 1865-1891 Munro's heirs and soon assembled a 500-acre parcel that stretched Thompson J.S. Flint added the word"Manor"to the estate's name between the Daubeny estate on the west and what is now the eastern (even though Larchmont was not and never had been part of a real boundary of the Village and running north into New Rochelle. Like manor), and in 1872 formed the Larchmont Manor Company to sub- divide the property for "homes for New York City businessmen of the Daubenys, Roosevelt and his wife, Cornelia Van Ness, had their moderate incomes." The company built six summer cottages near the primary residence in New York City and rented their land here for shore and set aside six acres of waterfront property and a central farming and pasture, but they remodeled an old house near the pre green (now Fountain Square) as public parks for the use of those who sent intersection of the Post Road and Bonnett Avenue into a respect bought lots in"the Manor." able country retreat. This house and the 28 acres surrounding it were One of the original cottages still stands at 1 Helena Avenue. It sold in 1850 to Mary E. Vanderburgh (for whom Vanderburgh was bought by Frank Towle, a civil engineer and surveyor employed Avenue is named), and the remainder of the land was sold in 1854 to by the City of New York.Another cottage,much remodeled, remains George R. Jackson, a resident of Mamaroneck who owned an iron mining company based in New York City. at 108 Park Avenue. It was long the home of actress Kate Claxton (whose real name was Maude Cone Stevenson). With Claxton to 42 43 Larchmont came a long list of vaudeville stars and empresarios and erected in 1926. The Hutchinson River Parkway, completed in 1928, stimulated development of the unincorporated part of the Larchmont actors on the legitimate stage, many of whom patronized a growing number of boarding houses and resort hotels. Postal District, and anticipation of the building of a similar commuter The Larchmont Yacht Club was formed in 1880, and many thoroughfare (the Pelham-Port Chester Parkway) along the railroad tracks gave property values in that area a boost. By 1930, there were yachtsmen who came to sail bought lots and built summer homes no large estates or farmland left, and the population had almost here. In 1887, the New Haven Railroad laid down two more lines of tracks and built a station at Larchmont, and this also encouraged de- doubled in adecade--from 2,468 in 1920 to 5,282 in 1930. The Depression of the 1930s hit Larchmont as hard as it did the velopment. rest of the country. In 1929 houses were selling at very high prices, Larchmont Village: 1891-1991 with very large mortgages. Most of the mortgages were held by the By 1891 there were nearly 1,000 people living in Larchmont Larchmont National Bank. Many people lost their jobs and busines- Manor--at least in the summer--and they wanted better streets, fire ses and couldn't make their mortgage payments--even though and police protection, running water, sewers, storm drains, and street Larchmont had the only welfare office in Westchester that included lights. At that time, many of these services could not,by law,be pro- an employment agency. The bank foreclosed the mortgages, then found it could get only one-third or less of their value by reselling the vided by town government, so they decided to incorporate as a village. A village had to have at least 300 people per square mile, so the pro- houses. Some of the larger houses couldn't be sold at any price, and they were torn down to reduce taxes. Finally, the bank itself failed, moters of incorporation had a map drawn to include, in addition to the 288 acres of Larchmont Manor,enough extra land to make up ex- and its president committed suicide in the vault. actly one square mile.The boundaries were set at the Premium River The economy here, as elsewhere, began to recover when World on the West, East Creek (near the Hommocks) on the East, the rail- War II broke out in 1941. The booming war economy created factory road tracks on the North and,of course,the Sound on the South. jobs for those who had previously done domestic labor, and office Larchmont developed rapidly after incorporation, and by 1900, jobs for the wives of the men who went to war. When the war ended, Larchmont's most permanent characteristic--the transience of its the soldiers reclaimed their jobs, and the wives went back to the population--had been established. The majority of citizens home.It was the beginning of the Golden Age of Suburbia. In Larchmont, this meant a trend away from the big old pre-war enumerated in any Federal Census moved on by the next and were houses, which had deteriorated through neglect during the Depres- ' more than replaced by a fresh wave of newcomers. Commerce in real estate became Larchmont's largest industry--its only industry. Over sion and were too large for the smaller, servantless households. The family room and air conditioning were in; the dungeon-like kitchen, half of the houses now in the Manor were built in the 1890s and in the first decade of the 20th century, and the Post Road business district formal parlor, and wrap-around porch were out. The big old houses grew from a collection of livery stables to include grocery stores, of the Manor languished on the market and became the affordable housing of the day, offering the opportunity to escape the city to large pharmacies, a bank, a stationery store, and other commercial estab- lishments. The village limits were expanded by the annexation of families previously unable to do so. Flint Park in 1918, the land for which was donated in 1915 by Helena America's love affair with the automobile, briefly stifled by the Flint. shortages and rationing of wartime, resumed with a vengeance. The After World War I ended in 1918, another wave of development Boston Post Road, still the major highway from New York City to took place north of the Post Road. Much of Pinebrook and the Fore- Boston and last paved and widened in 1912, was choked with traffic, st Park Avenue area were built up then, and the business district on and scarcely a day passed without at least a minor accident between Palmer Avenue began to grow. After many heated public meetings, Chatsworth and Larchmont avenues. The old Pelham-Port Chester the first Village Zoning Law was adopted in 1921. Village govern- Parkway project, killed by the Depression, was revived as the New ment and the fire department moved from Circle Avenue into Village England Thruway, completed under State auspices in 1958 with funds Hall, constructed in 1923, and the Larchmont Public Library was provided by the federal Interstate Highway Act of 1956. The six-lane, 44 45 1.1.111 15-mile, $91 million expressway gobbled up most of the park at the lect of affordable housing throughout the nation manifested itself lo- railroad station and cemented-over half of Larchmont Gardens Lake cally in the 53-room Larchmont Motel, a facility just outside Village (now the Duck Pond). boundaries that Westchester County began using in 1984 as a shelter With the car rather than the train as the favored means of com- for homeless families. The Town of Mamaroneck purchased the mutation, development centered in the unincorporated area. Within motel for $2.35 million under threat of condemnation proceedings in the boundaries of the Village, over-sized building lots were sub- January of 1990, floated a bond issue, and began negotiations with divided, and mini-developments went up on large plots like the builders for a combined market-rate and subsidized housing complex Schinasi Estate, which covered several acres at the lower end of on its site. Larchmont Avenue. With the men at work in the city and the The economic bubble burst with the stock market crash of 1987, children in school by day, the women of Larchmont formed clubs for and by 1990, the effects of inflation and recession combined with the social,philanthropic,and community-improvement purposes. longer-term social trend of women too busy working to shop had the By the time 1960 rolled around, the population of Larchmont had Larchmont Chamber of Commerce so worried that it engaged a mar- reached 6,789, and it was far more diverse than it had ever been keting consultant. "No one wants to see Larchmont become a ghost before. First- as well as second-generation Americans were common, town," Chamber president Norman Sherman told the Daily Times on and Protestants, Catholics, and Jews were about equally represented. February 25, 1990. Village Trustee Cheryl Lewy explained: "The As women entered the workforce in increasing numbers, women's merchants are pressed by absentee landlords who increase rents to and children's organizations began to decline for lack of members and exorbitant rates beyond what the market can bear. They are pressed leaders. Civil rights, anti-war, Vatican II (pro and con), and women's by the increasing number of women residents who work and shop at liberation groups emerged; control of local government began to slip more convenient times, like at night or on weekends."Other concerns away from the Republican Party. mentioned by the Chamber were "a chronic parking crunch, the loss The factions of the 1960s closed ranks and joined battle in the of older,loyal shoppers[who are moving away],and lack of diversity." 1970s, enflamed by a 1971 article on Larchmont in New York The Chamber's solution? "We want to make Larchmont into one Magazine, "Rumblings in Paradise," that managed to offend almost large mall or shopping center," Norman Sherman, its president, said. everybody. But a community with a largely transient population has a The roster of Larchmont businesses in early 1990 included 25 food re- short memory, and "the deep, bitter divisions of yesterday are gone," tailers, 25 auto sales or service outlets, 17 hairdressers, 14 clothing stores, 12 real estate offices,9 banks,9 antique stores,7 liquor stores, the author of the article told a Daily Times reporter as he packed up qq his household to leave town in 1978. 7 pharmacies, 5 travel agencies, 4 florists,"and a few other businesses The population peaked in 1970 at 7,203, and was reduced by al- falling under a miscellaneous heading." most a full one thousand inhabitants ten years later. The decline in The 1990 Federal Census found 6,114 people living in the Village-- population reflected not a decrease in households but in their size. a decline of only 194 from the 1980 figures. As Larchmont entered its Real estate prices skyrocketed, and during the Yuppie Decade, the centennial year, it appeared that the population had stabilized in typical newcomer family consisted of a double-income couple,one in- numbers, if not in composition. With virtually every piece of land fant, and a live out nanny. Or so it seemed, as a not uncommon sight within its boundaries subdivided to the minimum allowed by law, and at the train station during the evening rush- hour in the 1980s was a virtually every building built to the legal setbacks, it seemed that the pair of briefcase-toting parents alighting from Grand Central to re- appearance of the village had stabilized also, barring zoning changes ceive a child in a stroller from a woman in white, who then crossed or large-scale demolition. Plans for expanding Village Hall were scut- the tracks to take the next train back into the city. tied due to unsettled economic conditions, and a proposal to double By the late 1980s, another not uncommon sight on Larchmont the size of the Larchmont Public Library was stalled on the drawing streets was a disheveled man, woman, or child who, to borrow a boards. phrase from a late 19th-century Larchmonter, "clearly was not one of the regular residents of Larchmont." The effects of a decade of neg- 46 47 Appendix B: Andreson, Charles. corner of Park and Prospect (T1901, B1901); Who Was Who in Larchmont in 1891 Effie Andreson; dealer in hides, NYC (T1901); PED; HHYC; C-9; This directory lists all resident heads of household and property USC. owners in Larchmont Village in 1891,as found in(C)the 1891 Village Bales,F.A.Ca 13. Census of Heads of Household (taken August 1891 by Marmaduke Barretto, Gerard Morris. 1884; corner of Larchmont and Walnut, Tilden)and in(TAX) Larchmont Village Tax Rolls 1891 (delivered to built 1888 (PCE 6-2-1888); 44 Larchmont (BIEN); Sara Barretto;"of tax collector Ambrose Montross on January 4, 1892). The number the old East Barretto Point family" [near Hell Gate] (P 9-16-1893;LT following "C" indicates the number of residents in the household, ac- 12-10-1925); petitioner for incorporation;rear commodore LYC 1884; cording to the census. Also listed, when known, are the first notice C-9;TAX;USC. ?]. date in Larchmont (if other than 1891), residence (caveat: street Beddall, Ed K. );C- corner of Elm and Prospect (T 1901); in numbers were changed several times in the 20th century), name of surance(P 7-18 18967;USC. spouse,occupation,civic offices, and club memberships. Bevan [House]. Park Avenue (T1901); 78 Park, 25 Magnolia (BIEN); Mary and John Bevan, hotelkeepers (T1901); C-50; TAX; USC. Sources of information,and other abbreviations: Bird,Joseph. 1883; 50 [now 120] Park Avenue (T1901); Veronica (B) Bromley's maps Christina Ackerman (VS 1895); son Constant Mayer married Lilias (BIEN) Bien's 1892 map Joy Hayward (see below); president of Manhattan Savings Bank (BHW)Biographical History of Westchester County (T1901); petitioner for incorporation; founding trustee LMPS; C-11; (DT)Mamaroneck Daily Times HHYC Horseshoe Harbor Yacht Club" TAX. Bliss, Darius M. 1873 (LR); 98 Park Avenue site (BIEN); (LT)Larchmont Times manager of Pacific Rubber Company, Elizabeth, NJ (P 11-19-1892); LMPS Larchmont Manor Park Society TAX. (LR)Land records Blunt, Edmund. 4 Oak (BIEN) hyd- LYC Larchmont Yacht Club ; summer resident; "eminent h d- LYC )New Timesa rographer" and 1st asst. in U.S. Coast Survey; captain in Civil War, (T)NTurner's York Directories 12th NY Regiment, 11th & 5th Cavalry; New York and Larchmont Yacht clubs(P 1-27-1894);TAX. (P)Mamaroneck Paragraph Boyd, Wm. A. Prospect Avenue (T1901; block bounded by Oak, (PCE)Port Chester Enterprise Circle, Woodbine and Larchmont Avenues, and 55 Prospect Avenue (PCJ)Port Chester Journal (BIEN); ex-assistant Corporation Counsel for NYC (P10-1-1893); (PED)Phillips Elite Directory 1895 petitioner for incorporation;C-13;TAX. (USC) 1900 U.S.Census Branique, Dr. Wm. J. 1886 (PCE 8-4-1886); corner of Grove and (VBM)Village Board Minutes Walnut (T1901); 12 Oak site (BIEN); bachelor (LT 6-20-1914); den- (VS) Village Vital Statistics tist in NYC(T1901);petitioner for incorporation;TAX. Brendon, Wm. Chatsworth near Grove (P 10-21 and 11-18-1893); Adams, Oliver. 1888 (PCE 6-2-1888); corner of Larchmont and Eliza Brendon;conductor (T1901);drove old horse car,later with NY Woodbine (T1901); 15 Woodbine (BIEN); representative of an and Stamford RR (LT 3 11 1916);C-4;USC. English syndicate for placing money in car trusts (P 9 16 1893); com Brown, Eugenia V. 22 Woodbine (BIEN); wife of Wm. F. Brown mittee on incorporation and treasurer of fund for incorporation;LYC and daughter of Mary E.Bonnett and George Vanderburgh;inherited 1881;C-13;TAX. Alley, Wm. S. Beach Avenue; broker, NYC (T1901); charter a portion of"Vanderburgh Park,"60 acres of the old Roosevelt estate member LYC;C-5;USC. (above the Post Road between Chatsworth Avenue and the eastern boundary of the Village;see also Wilmarth, below);TAX. 48 49 L Brown, George David. 1880 (P 9-9 and 12-2-1893);married Emma Herne (see below) in 1893 (P 9-9-1893); reporter for New York Herald tee (later Village President), Larchmont Fire Department (LT 1-24- in 1868, founded United Press Association in 1874,retired 1880(P 12- 1935);founding trustee, LMPS(NYT 11-6-1906);C-6;TAX; USC. 2-1893);TAX. Canty, J.P. Woodbine Park (TAX); 36 Kane and 70 Boston Post Buchanan,Wm.TAX. Road(BIEN);TAX. Bullard, Frances Ann (Fannie). 1887 (LT 12-1-1917); corner of Chatsworth Inn. Boston Post Road opposite Beach (T1901); C- Prospect and Walnut (T1901); 31 Prospect (BIEN); Dr. William E. 33.See Myers, below. Bullard, physician (T1901); Mrs. Bullard, a sister of Supreme Court Chatterton, Elizabeth A. 1876 (LR); 7 Prospect [Belvedere Hotel, Justice Francis M. Scott (see below) ran a rental library from her now Manor Inn] (BIEN); widow of George Chatterton (T1901); pro- home as a benefit for Stony Wold Sanitorium in the Adirondacks, prietor of Belvedere Hotel; former surnames: Knowles, O'Connor; hosted the Red Cross Auxiliary during Spanish- American War, and TAX. during World War I directed the making of surgical dressings at St. Clark, L.D. Lizzie D. and Sarah B. Clark in 1891 tax rolls; S.B. John's Church; Dr. Bullard was first health officer of Larchmont Clark owned part of block bounded by Cedar, Circle, and Magnolia, Board of Health (established 1892), assistant secretary of NY County and Mrs. EA. Clark owned 6 Walnut (BIEN); "The old Redman Medical Society, and a founding trustee of LMPS (LT 12-1-1917); house on the Clark farm is undergoing repairs to make it tenantable" TAX. (P 12-2-1893);C-4. Burke,B.J.Mr.and Mrs.Joseph Burke in PED;C-10. Conneally, Berrian.TAX. Burns,P.C-6. Curtenius,Mrs.A.T.22 Beach (BIEN);TAX. Burroughs, Matilda. 1882 (LR); 2 Park Avenue; wife of William Davidson, Mrs. Wm. B. IM?) 1881; 7 Larchmont Avenue (L 4-2- F. Burroughs and mother of Claude Burroughs, a member of Augus- 1931); 21-27 Larchmont Avenue, 6 Linden, and block bounded by tin Daly's Fifth Avenue Theatre Company, who purchased the 2 Park Walnut, Circle, Linden and Larchmont avenues (BIEN); William M. Avenue site in 1874 from the Larchmont Manor Company and died in Davidson, NYC coal dealer, sometimes said to have been a partner in a theatre fire in 1876;TAX. the Larchmont Manor Company(LT 7-21-1921,NYC Directory 1876, Burt, Henry D.W.Owned land at NE corner of Prospect and Oak T1901); his wife Martha in 1891 tax rolls; their daughter, Miss Clara, [no dwelling] (BIEN); Catherine Burt, in 1891 tax rolls, may be his was president of the League of Women Voters and a charter member wife;C-6;TAX. of the LMPS(LT 4-2-1931);C-4; USC. Butler,Wm.H.appr. 165 Larchmont Avenue (BIEN);TAX. Dean, E.A. Possibly the Mrs. Dean on Post Road on 1867 and Butterfield, Alonzo C. business on Post Road (T1901); builder 1872 maps,near Deane Place;C-6. (T1901);C-4. Denison, C.H. Owned half of block bounded by Chestnut, Caddington,C.E.C-6. Larchmont,and Willow avenues,no building(BIEN);TAX. Caldwell, Edward F. Walnut Avenue (T1901); 18 Walnut (BIEN); Dowdney, Mrs. Abraham (Lillian). Summer resident, Park gas fixtures,NYC(T1901);petitioner for incorporation;C-15;TAX. Avenue (T1901); 2 Helena site (BIEN); widow since 1886 of Con- Campbell, Wm. H. 1884 (L 1-24-1935); (1) residence 5 Maple gressman Abraham Dowdney, and sister of NYC Park Commissioner Avenue (original structure faced Prospect; that portion was torn John D. Crimmins; Dowdney was born in Ireland,came to New York down); (2) 8 Prospect; Catherine A. Campbell; 124th Regiment, in 1853, entered the plumbing business; during Civil War organized a Union Army (P 7-1-1893); "father of Larchmont," "local boss," super- company of the 13th Regiment and became its captain; "undertook intendent of Larchmont Manor Company, builder, contractor, large contracts, invested in real estate, and became wealthy"; elected postmaster,partner in Larchmont Manor Horse Railway and NY and to Congress 1884(PCE 12-15-1886);TAX. Stamford Street Railway (NYT 11-6-1906; LT 1-24-1935); Larchmont Durylus? Douglas?. TAX. C.H. Duglis owned lot at NE corner of Manor Fire Department, petitioner for incorporation, founding trus- Chestnut and Prospect (BIEN). Eaton, William Henry. Corner of Prospect and Woodbine (T1901); Mima F. Griffeth; manager of Liverpool, London & Globe 50 51 I Insurance Co.; president of Globe Indemnity Co., of Factory In- surance, and of Board of Fire Underwriters (P 10-1-1893, 7-18- 1896, Fordyce, Dr. John A. Beach Avenue (T1901); Alice; professor of LT 5-13-1926); petitioner for incorporation;LYC; PED;C-7;TAX. dermatology at Columbia(L 6-11-1925);C-6; USC. Eimer,A.C-8. Forwood, H.S.C-7. Fargis, A.C. Linden Avenue (T1901); charter member HHYC Fox, Martin. Entered under "K" in 1891 tax rolls; Charles Fox, (HHYC);PED;C-5. Boston Post Road,teamster(T1901). Faurot, Campbell. Berrian Place and Boston Post Road (TAX); Grave [?],H. [?].Caroline Greve[possibly Crevel appears in 1891 Louise A. Faurot; florist on Boston Post Road (T1901) at (ap- tax rolls and as owner of part of what is now Chatsworth Avenue proximately) #2235 (BIEN);C-3;USC. School property(BIEN);C-3. Figner, Wm. C. Corner of Beach and Oak (T1901), 21 Oak Griggs, E.D. Woodbine Park, half block bounded by Beach, Wil- (BIEN), Woodbine Park (TAX); Mary C. Figner; drug broker, NYC low,and Chestnut (BIEN);TAX. (T1901); unsuccessful candidate for Village president 1904;entered as Grossberg,D.C-5. "Figneau" in 1891 tax rolls; Mary C. Figner also in 1891 tax rolls Haigh, Hartley. 1873 (LR); 6 Helena (BIEN), summer resident; (under"K");C-7;USC. NYC housebuilder;son William Haigh(T1901);TAX. Fleming, Mrs. Thomas. Francis C. Fleming, a founding member Hallett, Wm. 1872 (wife Victoria bought 108 Park in 1872--LR, and first commodore of LYC,bought the former"Elliott Mansion"on BIEN); Marcus Hallett, resident of Palmer Avenue, in real estate 1 Bay Avenue site and renovated it in 1877(PCJ 3-8-1877);the Flem- business with Howell C.Perrin on Larchmont Avenue(T1901);TAX. ings also owned an area bounded by Larchmont Harbor, Bay,Ocean, Hayward, Gerard Sinclair. 69 Prospect (BIEN); Sofia Cawley; and Walnut avenues with 8 buildings(BIEN);TAX. medallion artist (T1901), painted miniatures of celebrities on ivory(L Flint, Frederick Washburn. 1873; 18 Elm (1899), 85 Larchmont, 1-1-1926); daughter Lilias Joy married Constant Mayer Bird (see 50 Magnolia, 2-6-10 Oak Bluff (BIEN); Jessie Lamson; son of above);C-10;TAX. Thompson J.S. Flint; manager of Larchmont Manor Company, sec- Herne, Mrs. Emma. Boston Post Road (BIEN, T1901) [now 1 retary of Larchmont Water Company, member of Roger, Lampson& Kilmer]; nee Millard; widow of John F. Herne, actor and brother of Co.; petitioner for incorporation; founding member LYC; NY Ath- playwright James A. Herne and of actress Crystal Herne; Emma's sis- letic Club(BHW I,180);C-18;USC. ter, Mollie Corcoran,was also a popular actress(P 12-30- 1893);mar- Flint, Helena. 1873; 85 & 91 Larchmont (no building), 31 Cherry, vied George David Brown (see above) in 1893(P 9-9- 1893), resumed Cedar Island (no buildings), 62 Magnolia, property bounded by Mag- surname Herne in 1899;C-6;TAX;USC. nolia, Beach and Maple with 3 buildings; daughter of Thompson J.S. Hoboken Turtle Club. A New York City gentleman's eating club, Flint;TAX.Florence, Annie. SE corner Dean Place and Boston Post Road occupied Shepard's Point 1890-91; Larchmont residents who were members include Charles D. Shepard and Charles Wager Hull (see (BIEN);TAX. below);C-7. Foote, Dr. Edward Bliss [Sr.]. 60 Park, and many other proper- Holt, Henry. Owned 4 acres at NW and NE corners of Boston ties (BIEN); physician, former printer, unsuccessful People's Party Post Road and Larchmont Avenues, no buildings (TAX, BIEN); "of- candidate for Congress (BHW I, 112); petitioner for incorporation; ten called the dean of American publishers" (LT 12-18-1926), he re- C-9;TAX;USC. sided on Premium Point. Foote, Dr. Edward Bond [Jr.].60 Park; physician, NYC (T1901); Hull, Charles Wager. "One of the permanent residents of the vil- son of above;petitioner for incorporation;charter member of HHYC; lage" (P 2-11-1893); superintendent of the American Institute, avid TAX. amateur photographer (P 2-4-1893); treasurer of Hoboken Turtle Ford, B. 20 Maple (BIEN); Millicent Ford in 1891 tax rolls on Club,charter member HHYC; PED;C-7. Beach between Maple Avenue and Hazel Lane;C-5. Hubbard, Charles. 9 Helena (LR); Martha Hubbard in 1891 tax rolls; daughter Florence married George Towle (see below) (VS 1907);C-5. 52 53 . Jardine, David. 1873 (LR); Park Avenue (BIEN, T1901) [now 1 Circle]; architect; designed Mamaroneck Free and High School; Lanza,Walter.TAX. founding trustee LMPS; senior warden of All Saints Episcopal Chapel Larchmont Yacht Club.C-36. in the Manor, although he was a Presbyterian (P 10-1- 1892); Lee, Robert. Appr. 102 Chatsworth; Germania Lee (VS 1896, petitioner for incorporation;PED;TAX. 1898), Jemima C. (USC--probably same as Germania); carpenter, Kanaly [?], J. J. Probably John J. Kenneally, vans and trucking, "Lee & Adams Carpenters and Builders, Chatsworth Avenue (T1901, Post Road (T1901-03 and TAX); also John J. and James Kennelly, 1903);C-2;USC. laborers,Casino Building,Larchmont Avenue(T1901);C-3. Lewis, James. 1874 (LR); 18 Beach; stage name of James Lewis Kane, Michael S. Son of Thomas Kane (see below); Annie Kane Deming,one of the"big four"of Agustin Daly's stock company;TAX. (P 1-13-1894);petitioner for incorporation;C-4;TAX. Little, Charles C. [?]. 74 Prospect; insurance (P 7-18-1896); Kane, Thomas. 1875 (LR); 60 Beach; Bridget Kane; acquired petitioner for incorporation; first fire chief after incorporation; PED; wealth in fertilizing business, "the greater part of which he invested in C-8. real estate in New York City and Larchmont"; owner of many fine Lockett, Mrs. Benjamin C. [Alice] 20 Prospect, 41 Beach; hus- horses; "of a somewhat retiring disposition and never what is known band was drygoods merchant, charter member HHYC and com- as a club man...devoted to many charitable institutions...contributed modore 1896;C-3;USC. largely toward the building of Holy Trinity Church,Mamaroneck,and Lowrey, Girard C.W. 2 Walnut (T1901); Charlotte Ruth Lowrey; St.Augustine's Chapel" (P 1-13- 1894);with son Michael,owned all of "vice president, NYC" (T1901); petitioner for incorporation; C-9; 1 Woodbine Park prior to development(BIEN);C-14;TAX;USC. TAX;USC. Keller, M. J. [?] Probably Mary Stapleton Keller (later Mrs. Lurcton (?).Possibly EA.Lauten;TAX. Julius Gerlach), who purchased some 22 acres surrounding what is Lynch,R.V.TAX. now Gerlach Place in 1882 (LR); (1) Stephen Keller, head gardener MacDonough,G.C-8. for James Myers, (2) Julius Gerlach, housepainter and volunteer Maddock,John S. 1871 (LT 4-15-1916);Addison Street, and Bos- fireman (VS, USC 1900); Mrs. Stephen Kellar is listed in 1891 tax ton Post Road at Chatsworth Avenue (T1901); liveryman (T1901); rolls;C-1. C-5;USC. Kenny,J.P.C-10. Marshall,A.C-8. Kent, Mr.James H. Kent in 1891 tax rolls as owner of 3 and one- Mason,E.P.PED;C-4. half acres fronting Boston Post Road east of Emma Herne's property, McCabe, Wm. F. 2346 Boston Post Road (BIEN), Dean Place and including two buildings and two ice ponds. (TAX). Kesit,J.H. [?].C-6. McCahill,B.F.6 Oak(BIEN);C-5. King, Vincent C. Colonel, ex-fire commissioner New York City McCahill, Thomas J. 1879 (LR); 2 Circle, half block bounded by Fire Department, honorary member Larchmont Fire Department Ocean,Linden,and Walnut,3 lots in Pryer Manor, appr.2315 Boston Hose Company;life member LYC(P 11-4-1893, NYT 7-5-1896); Mrs. Post Road (BIEN, TAX); Annie L. Gregory, novelist; attorney, Vincent King listed in 1891 tax rolls;PED;C-7. owner of 2nd Avenue Elevated Railroad, 3rd Avenue Theatre, coun- Krutina(?),Mrs.C-10. sel of Charles Dana of New York Sun, attorney for Larchmont Manor Kullroff,A.C-10. Company(LT 5-13-1911);C-9;USC. Lampson,Emma.TAX. McCloskey,H.C-4. Lamson, Edward O. 1881 (LT 4-15-1926); Prospect at Walnut McKeand, James. Chatsworth Avenue near railroad station (T1901), 22 Walnut (BIEN), and vacant lot at 57 Beach (BIEN); (T1901, 1903);Mary Harvey(VS 1895, 1897);builder;C-2;USC. NYC wool merchant (T1901); other members of family were his McLoughlin, Joseph H. 1888; plumber and gas fitter (PCE 6-2- C-8;USC. mother, Martha; Theodore, NYC umbrella merchant (T1901); and 1888); Roger,hosiery merchant residing at 50 Magnolia(P 10-1-1892);TAX. Mitchell House. 56 and 64 Park, 1 and 10 Circle sites (BIEN); Harriet Mitchell,proprietor;C-58;USC. 54 55 1 Montant, Alphonse. Prospect at Willow (T1901), 58 Willow site (BIEN); NYC auctioneer (T1901);TAX. plied preachers for union church services at Horseshoe Harbor (L 8- Montgomery, T.I. Appears in 1891 tax rolls; Harriet J.L. 18-1921);TAX. Montgomery,possibly his wife,bought Manor property in 1889(LR). Nugent,B.C-9. Montross, Ambrose Cox. 1884; Chatsworth and Roosevelt O'Brien, W. [J?]. May be John, a policeman living on Addison (T1901); Annie Chandler; livery and boarding stable on Boston Post Street (T1901), or John, a blacksmith living on Dean Place (T1901); Road (T1901); first Larchmont tax receiver, justice of the peace, C-6;USC. postmaster; Sheldrake Council, Royal Arcanum (BHW I, 182; LT 1- Parker,W.S.C-3. 30-1930);C-12; USC. Payson, Horace E. 1888(L 5-11-1933); 18 Beach(BIEN);Edith St. Moore, Frank Ashburn. Resident member LYC 1896-1941; block Clair Bronson; brother-in-law Mayhew Wainwright Bronson, a bounded by Beach, Linden, Grove and Maple (BIEN); architect; bachelor, lived in his household; Payson Varnish Company(LT 5- 11- designed Village Hall, Larchmont Public Library, Albee Bank, and 1933);C-6; USC. many residences in Larchmont, including 22 Linden and 25 Park, also Petersen, Charles J. Boatman at LYC (T1901), janitor of Apawamis Club and Blind Brook Turf and Polo Clib in Rye; VP Chatsworth Avenue School by 1930(LT 12-11-1930);C-2. Larchmont National Bank (LT 8-7-1941);C-6. Pike,Ellen M.49 Prospect Avenue (TAX). Morse, Edwin W. 20 Linden (originally built on present site of St. Proctor, Frederick Freeman. 90 Park site (BIEN); Mary A.; John's Church);editor of Scribner's The Book Buyer,petitioner for in- vaudeville magnate;founding trustee LMPS;C-8;TAX;USC. corporation, member of committee on incorporation, charter Village Pryer, Charles. 1851; Mill House and Pryer Manor property trustee(P 10-1-1893);TAX. (BIEN); (1) Julia Miller (d. 1884), (2) Mary Harmer; author, anti- Murray, Charles H. 1871; homestead fronting Larchmont Avenue quarian, director of Knickerbocker Press(New Rochelle),VP Nation- at Magnolia erected 1881 (L 9-3-1931) on plot running back to Ocean al City Bank (New Rochelle), LYC (BHW II, 572); he and sister Avenue (BIEN);Jessie Conway;real estate, stocks,brokering and ex- Adeline C.in 1891 tax rolls;C-19; USC. change, Larchmont Water Company, Larchmont Electric Company, Randeborge,J.C-6. Larchmont Horse Railway, president Larchmont Manor Company; Restore, Richard. 86 Willow (BIEN); Margaret Restore (T1901); petitioner for incorporation; gave land for Village Hall and Fire first Village policeman and lamplighter (VBM 10-10 and 11-24- 1891, Headquarters; founding trustee LMPS; LYC (LT 11-12-1914); C-14; 6-2-1893);in 1891 tax rolls(under"K");C-2. TA Riley, ? C. Perhaps Lester H. Riley, NE corner Chestnut and Pro- Murray, William. Son of Charles; Alice Ten Eyck; director of spect (no building--BIEN); NYC importer (T1901), married F.F. American Graphite Co., Colonial Life Insurance Co. of America, Proctor's daughter Eleanor ("Yum-Yum") 1894; possibly Frances Joseph Dixon Crucible Col, New Jersey Title Guarantee and Trust, Riley (also spelled "Reilly"), who married Charles A. Stevenson 1909 NY & Stamford Railway Co., Larchmont National Bank, Larchmont (see below);TAX. Water Company, Greenwich Tramway Co., Hudson & Co.; petitioner Roach,S.N.C-14. for incorporation, committee on incorporation; a founder of LYC, Royal,F.B.C-7. charter member HHYC, NY Yacht Club, Lambs, NY Athletic Club, Rushmore,Thomas L.TAX. Manhattan Club, 32nd-degree Mason (LT 11-21-1941); C-11; TAX; Salisbury, Frederick S. Prospect Avenue (T1901); "treasurer, USC. NYC" (T1901);PED;C-8. Meyers, James Van Schoonhoven. 1863 (LR); owned 80 acres on Sanderson, Oswald. 1880; built house at 6 Elm in 1892 (P 7- 18- the Post Road between the Quaker Burial Ground and Pine Brook 1896); Beatrice Beddall, daughter of E. Beddall (see above); director back to the railroad tracks (BIEN), house operated in 1890s as of Suez Canal Co., Lloyds Bank (London), Earle Shipbuilding and Chatsworth Inn; Mary S. Myers;wholesale dry goods merchant;sup- Engineering, manager of several ocean transportation lines, including the Wilson Line; founding trustee LMPS (BHW II, 971), LT 12-30- 1926);C-7. 56 57 Schickel,W.C-12. Scott, Francis M. 1886 (LR);25 Beach;brother of Fannie Bullard Southwick, Henry Clay 1886; lived in Rose Cottage (on site of 78 (see above); attorney, judge of State Supreme Court (LT 2-9-1922), Park Avenue) until building a house on Oak (DT 3-25-1935); Minnie chair of Charter Revision Committee (NYC), Corporation (NYC) Southwick; insurance; petitioner for incorporation; charter member counsel, member of Aquaduct Commission, unsuccessful candidate of LYC,commodore HHYC;C-4;TAX. People's Municipal League for mayor of NYC against Tammany can- Springmeyer, E. hotel keeper on Boston Post Road near Oak; didate;LYC,charter member HHYC;C-14;TAX. Springmeyer Bros. in 1891 tax rolls at Dean Place and Boston Post Selchow, E.G. 1875 (LR); 18-20 Helena, 65-67 Magnolia (BIEN-- Road;appr.2325 Boston Post Road(BIEN);C-5. no buildings);Mary P.Selchow;TAX. Sterling, Joseph Henry. 1888 (LR); 47 Magnolia site (BIEN); Shepard,Charles D.Shepard's Point (15-25 Park) and many other Blanche Sterling; NYC banker, founder and first president of properties, including 7-11 Woodbine, 54-60 Ocean, 8 Walnut, 2 ` Larchmont National Bank (T1901); charter member HHYC, com- Shepard Place, and 15 acres west of Larchmont Avenue and the rail- modore HHYC 1891-94; PED;C-9;TAX. road (BIEN); Amelia Maddern, actress; actor, proprietor of White Stevenson, Charles A. 1888; 108 Park Avenue; first wife was Elephant Billiard Hall at Broadway and 31st Street (NYC) (P 3-10- Maude Cone (stage name Kate Claxton), whose mother, Josephine 1894);petitioner for incorporation; 1st VP Hoboken Turtle Club;C-7; Martinez Cone, also lived in Larchmont (NYT 5-20-1877, 2-27-1878, TA 6-5-1881, 4-28-1896, 1-27-1900, 4-22-1904, 4-5-1910, 8-23-1910, 9-16- Smull,Mrs.A.TAX. 1911), second wife Frances Riley (also spelled Reilly) of Larchmont Singer, Charles Augustus. 1889; Prospect (T1901), also 2 (see above) (NYT 9-16-1911);actor,leading man for Mrs. Leslie Car- Larchmont Avenue; (1) widow of F.W. Callisen, (2) Caroline Ran- ter(NYT 4-22-1904, 10-18-1911); also spelled"Stephenson";C-5. dolph Hull (P 10-21-1893); Larchmont Manor Horse Railway, NY & Stimson, Dr. Charles Woodbury. 12 Larchmont Avenue; Minnie Stamford Electric Railroad, Palmer-Singer Auto Co. (LT 6-24- 1911, E. Stimson; physician (T1901, 1903), "served during Larchmont's 3-26-1936); LYC, charter member, incorporator and commodore 1900 scarlet fever epidemic";C-13; USC. HHYC;C-5; USC. Thomas, David. 10 Walnut (BIEN); Mrs. David Thomas in 1891 Skinner,�[?l. Perhaps Francis A. Skinner, who bought property in tax rolls;C-4. the Manor in 1895 (LR);C-14. Tilden, Marmaduke. Resident manager of LYC(USC 1900);clerk Sleigman,M. [?].C-7. of LYC and first Village clerk;taker of 1891 Village census; PED. Smith, N.S. Leonard B. Smith appears in early land records; his Tompkins, H. Lemuel Tompkins was proprietor of Larchmont wife Isabel bought SW half of block bounded by Park, Prospect,Mag- Hotel, near depot, in 1893 (BHW I, 178); gunfight at Tompkins nolia and Circle from LMC in 1872; H.D. and Mary F. Smith appear Saloon(P 6-13-1896);C-2. in 1891 tax rolls as owners of 1 Fountain Square(no building--BIEN); Towle, Frank Ellingwood. 1872 (LR); 1 Helena Avenue; Mary II also a Mrs. Smith at 45 Larchmont Avenue (BIEN) and James M. Elizabeth Sibell; son George married Florence Hubbard (see above) 11 Smyth in 1891 tax rolls as non-resident owner of 15 acres fronting (VS 1907); father Jeremiah was first commissioner of Central Park(L Boston Post Road west of Emma Herne's property;C-9. 2-19-1916, 10-12-22, 2-22-1923, 1-23-1930); NYC civil engineer and Smithers,C.W. [?].C-9. surveyor (T 1901); surveyed and laid out the Manor (Map 610) and Southack, Mrs.J.W. 1879 (LR); SE corner of Larchmont Avenue Woodbine Park developments;charter member HHYC;C-4; USC. and Boston Post Road, operated under various names as an inn Tucker, Maude. In 1891 tax rolls; H.W.Tucker on Beers 1867 map (Plymouth, Pequot, Cornish, Wolffs, Saratoga, and Yale) from 1910 as owner of property near mouth of Premium River. until its destruction in 1922 to make room for the Albee Bank (now Van Dusen,T.C-9. Beth Emeth Synagogue) (P 7-21-1894, BIEN); nee Julia R. Wood- Van Liew, Henry Augustus. (1) Fountain Square (St. John's ruff,daughter of Marcus Woodruff,who was the father-in-law of E.K. Church site), (2) Larchmont Avenue at Willow (Larchmont Temple Collins and a silent partner in the LMC(LR);C-7.TAX. site) (BIEN); president Oriental Silk Co. and Fine Arts Designs, Inc. (P 12-31-1892, LT 4-6-1933); PED;C-6;TAX. 58 ' 59 Vanderlip Cottage. The Vanderlip sisters managed several board merchant family, was a business partner and brother-in-law of Ed- ing houses in the Manor and, for a short time, the Belvedere Hotel ward Knight Collins and a silent partner in the Larchmont Manor (now Manor Inn); sisters of Mrs. Daly (P 12-3-1892), possibly the Company(LR). wife of Agustin Daly, proprietor of Daly's Fifth Avenue Theatre and Woodruff, Minnie [Mary E.]. 1879 (LR);9 Circle (BIEN); daugh- Stock Company, several members of which were residents of ter of Marcus P. Woodruff and sister of Julia Southack (see above); Larchmont Manor;C-40. by 1898, Minnie had become Madame Marie Loge of Paris, France Wales,E.A.C-7. (LR);TAX. Webb, Mary A. 49 Woodbine; probably wife of Henry C. Webb, Young, Mrs. J.R. 1?1. J. Addison Young, a founder of the "pioneer resident"(LT 8-13-1925) and NYC importer(T1901);TAX. Westchester Co. Bar Association,owned property in the business dis- Webber, George. Addison Street (T1901); Jessie A.; livery stable trict (BIEN); Mrs. J. R. [?] is listed in the 1891 tax rolls under owner on Post Road near Larchmont Avenue;son of Jacob,a Weaver "Davids," probably because this property once belonged to the Street resident since 1867(LT 9-8-1921);C-5;USC. Chatsworth Land Company, of which Thaddeus Davids was a prin- Wendt, Carsten. 1885 (LR); owned 40 acres between Larchmont, cipal. Chatsworth, and Forest avenues and the railroad tracks, including a house (now 21 Wendt Avenue); Cordelia Louise Wendt; NYC lawyer (T1901); petitioner for incorporation and committee on incorpora- Statistical Summary tion; charter Village trustee and later president;president of Board of Households in 1891 Census(including 6 clubs or hotels): 104 Education; Town Auditor and Attorney (BHW II, 807; P 9-19-1891, Residents in 1891 Census(including 224 in clubs and hotels):959 10-1-1892,9-9-1893; LT 7-29-1911);C-7;TAX; USC. Heads of families in 1891 Census:98 White, Elbridge Hallan.46 Magnolia (BIEN); Lucy Maria Sutlief; Residents,including servants,living in families in 1891 Census:735 partner in Johnson & Faulkner, Importers, NYC;summer resident(P Surnames in 1891 Census and Tax Rolls: 147 3-28-1891);C-6;TAX. Surnames from 1891 Census and Tax Rolls that appear in 1900 Wight, George Richards. 1888 (PCE 5-5-1888); (1) 34 Prospect, Census: 34 (2) 22 Linden, owned 20 lots in the Manor (TAX); his widow, "H," Households in 1990 U.S.Census: 174 lived on Walnut (T1901); president of Lorillard Refrigerator Co., N.B. Some of those who appear in tax rolls were non-resident ow- senior partner in G.R. Wight & Co. at 1168 Broadway, NYC (P 5-26- ners, and some of the residents enumerated in the census were re- 1894); petitioner for incorporation, founding trustee LMPS (P 10-1- nters. 1893). Wilmarth, Caroline. Wife of John Wilmarth and daughter of Caroline and Peter Bonnett, she inherited a portion of"Vanderburgh Park" (LR; see also Eugenia Brown, above), 60 acres of the old Roosevelt estate (above the Post Road between Chatsworth Avenue and the eastern boundary of the Village) (BIEN);John and Caroline's daughter, also named Caroline, inherited from them and married Thomas Hall of New Rochelle, a NYC businessman who developed the inheritance as"Forest Park";TAX. Woers,E.G. [?].C-8. Woodruff, Marcus estate. Many parcels in the Manor in 1891 tax rolls, including lots with buildings at 2 and 8 Larchmont Avenue and 40 Magnolia; property in the Manor is also listed in the 1891 tax rolls under M.P. Woodruff; Marcus P.Woodruff, the scion of an old NYC 60 61 Appendix C: 1899 Supplementary map to map of Deane Purchase by Lorenzen- A Finding List of Larchmont Maps -CCvol13p2 1899 Prop. of John J. Kenneally, Village of Larchmont-- CCvol13p15 Date,Title,Location: 1900 Prop.belonging to Henry Iden--CC1361 1900 Larchmont Village--LPL 1778 Erskine's#59--NYHS;LPL(copy) 1901 Bromley's Atlas--LPL,WPPL,NRPL,CC 1789 Road survey by Christopher Colles--LPL(copy) 1902 Land in Larchmont,prop.of Carsten Wendt--CCvoll4p68 1797 Map of Mamaroneck--NYSA; reproduced in Delancey, "His- 1902 Prop. at Larchmont Manor, Randolph B. Woodruff against tory of Mamaroneck" Mary E.Lodge[Loge] and others--CCvol15p8 1850 Map of Westchester by Robert Pearsall Smith--LPL 1904 Larchmont Park--CC1274 1851 Map of Westchester,Newell Brown,publisher--NYPL 1904 Larchmont picture map(Hughes&Bailey)--LPL 1851 Sidney and Neffs--NYPL 1904 Larchmont Village--LPL,S 1854 Chatsworth--CC 1905 Real Estate and Fire Insurance Atlas--LFD,S 1861 Collins Estate,Larchmont--LVH 1907 Real Estate and Fire Insurance Atlas--LHS 1867 Beer's Atlas--NRPL,NYPL 1914 Fire Insurance Atlas--MtVPL 1867 Whitlock's Map--LPL 1915 California Bungalow Community--CCvol44p61 1872 Westchester Turnpike--CC576 1918-1929 Sanborn's Insurance Atlases--LPL 1872 Larchmont Manor--CC584 1919-1923 Fire Insurance Atlases--MFL 1872 Beer's Atlas--NYPL 1925 Pelham-Pt.Chester Parkway--CC2800 1873 Subdivision One,Larchmont Manor--CC610 1929 Fire Insurance Atlas--WP 1881 Bromley's West Atlas--NYPL 1929 Dolph's Atlas--LPL 1888 Estate of John Pryer--CC886 1929--Hopkin's Atlas--LPL,MFL,LPL,NRPL,CC 1889 Land of J.Addison Young,Larchmont--CC915 1930 Fire Insurance Atlas--WPPL 1889 Deane Purchase by Frederick Lorenzen--CC920 1940 Larchmont Village Zoning Map,rev. 1941ff--LVH Undated Supplement to above--S 1945 Hagstrom's Map--LPL 1890 Woodbine Park--CC926 1891 Larchmont Manor[by W.H.Disbrow]--CC1002 *Although the map is dated 1892, it shows some owners' names 1891 Part of Vanderburgh Estate--CCvol9p31 who did not buy until 1893, according to deeds in the Land Records 1892 Land belonging to Larchmont Manor Company--CC961 Office, and houses that were not built until 1893, according to stories 1892 Bien's Larchmont Village Map*--LPL in contemporary newspapers. The same map is published in Bien's 1893 Bien's Atlas*--MFL, NRPL 1893 Atlas. 1894 Larchmont Manor[by W.H.Disbrow]--CC1004 1894 Vanderburgh Park--CC1123 Key: 1894 Subdivision of Riparian Grant--CC1135,1136 CC: Westchester County Clerk's Office; example: CC610 = 1895 Property on Boston Post Road and Collins Avenue--CC1149 County Clerk's Office, Map 610; example: CCvollpl = County 1895 Lands purchased of Bethel Hogencamp and others by C. Clerk's Office, volume 1, page 1; most are filed in Land Records Of- Oliver Iselin--CC1167 lice,White Plains 1897 Map of prop.belonging to Caroline Wilmarth--CC1315 LFD: Larchmont Fire Department 1898 Palmer Hommock,prop.of Mrs.CA.Howell--CC1334 LHS: Larchmont Historical Society Archives LPL: Larchmont Public Library 62 63 LVH: Larchmont Village Hall Appendix D: MFL:Mamaroneck Free Library A Finding List of Local Newspapers... MtVPL: Mt.Vernon Public Library and a Mystery NRPL: New Rochelle Public Library NYHS:New-York Historical Society NYPL: New York Public Library(Map Room,5th Avenue) Following is a list of the holdings of the major repositories of NYSA: New York State Archives newspapers that regularly covered Larchmont/Mamaroneck. Most S: private collection of Richard Spinelli, Mamaroneck; Spinelli, are on microfilm; in some cases, bound file copies or individual issues the son of a former Larchmont Village engineer, has many maps and are also available. Most runs are incomplete. Local items appeared surveys(#s381-2357)not listed here occasionally in White Plains, Harrison, Mt. Vernon--and perhaps WPPL:White Plains Public Library other--county newspapers; check the holdings of those libraries and historical societies, and of the Westchester County Historical Society. Larchmont Public Library Larchmonter-Times and Larchmont Times. On microfilm: December 1912-December 31, 1954:some issues missing. Mamaroneck Daily Times, 1955-present: microfilm. Mamaroneck Free Library Mamaroneck Paragraph. On microfilm: October 4, 1890 (first issue)-September 1891;October 1, 1892-September 30, 1894; October 1895-September 1896; October 1898-September 1899; October 1911- December 1925; 1932, 1935-38, 1941, 1948 Mamaroneck Daily Times. On microfilm: October-December 1925; July 1, 1926-October 29, 1931. In bound files: 1930, 1937-to date. Mamaroneck Register. 1895. New Rochelle Public Library New Rochelle Paragraph. On microfilm: March 21, 1891-December 19, 1919. New Rochelle Pioneer ("the official Republican newspaper of New Rochelle"). On microfilm: 1860-1873; April 8, 1882-March 20, 1897; January 2, 1897-April 5, 1919. New Rochelle Press ("the official Democratic newspaper of New Rochelle").On microfilm:January 2, 1897-December 28, 1907. Evening Standard. On microfilm: February 3, 1909-December 1911;September 1920-April 1924. Standard Star. On microfilm: May 1924-present. 64 65 I of the pre-1900 issues of the Mamaroneck Paragraph in the Rye Historical Society Mamaroneck Free Library. Rye Paragraph. May 30, 1891-September 28, 1895; August 22, Let us continue to hope that they may turn up some day in some 1896;some issues missing. public or private nook or cranny.A more likely fate, however, is sug- Port Chester Enterprise. June 24, 1885; July 14,August 4, Septem- gested by what almost happened to the 1912-1954 issues of the ber 8 and 15, October 13, November 17, December 15, 1886;January Larchmonter-Times and Larchmont Times now preserved on mic- 5, February 16, March 30,August 3, 1887;February 4,March 24,June rofilm in the Larchmont Public Library. 2, 1888;August 24,July 13, 1895. In the mid-1970s, Gannett was moving out of its printing plant and Port Chester Journal.September 5, 1895. warehouse in Yonkers and,to lighten the load,decided to destroy the bound file copies that newspapers ordinarily keep of back issues. Phil A Little History,and a Big Mystery Reisman III, a Larchmont native who was then a new reporter with According to Edward Delancey, the first attempt to publish a Gannett, chanced to overhear these plans and stayed after hours to cull the Larchmont newspapers from the trash heap. He enlisted the newspaper in the Town of Mamaroneck was made by George M. Forbes with the Mamaroneck Investigator in 1879, but "it met with no aid of Donald Oresman, then president of the Larchmont Library I success" and soon ceased publication. Thus, he continues, until 1882 Board, and over several Saturdays they managed to transport them to Mamaroneck's "local wants" in the way of news and advertising space Larchmont, where they found a home in an unheated room with a "were supplied by neighboring journals of Rye and Port Chester." In leaky roof used by the Larchmont Library for storage. May of 1882, William E. Peters established the Mamaroneck Register There they stayed, forgotten, until 1980, when the Larchmont His- ("independent in politics"), four six-column pages published weekly torical Society was formed. Oresman, present at the society's in- until at least 1910. augural meeting, happened to remember the newspapers and men- Larchmont's first newspaper, The Larchmonter, was founded by tinned them to the society's president. Then began a major effort (1) George Van Berk in 1898; in 1901, George P. Forbes began publish- to gain access to the newspapers, (2) to inventory them, (3) to secure ing the Larchmont Times. These two papers were merged under funds for their microfilming, and (4) to prepare them for microfilm Forbes in 1908 as the Larchmonter-Times,which changed its name to ing, as they were in such poor condition the microfilmer wouldn't Larchmont Times in 1923. The Larchmont Times was bought by the touch them. By the time all this was accomplished, some three years Macy chain in 1955,which later merged with Gannett. later, the file for 1911 had completely succumbed to mold. The other I Now, here is the mystery. The Westchester County Historical 42 bound files, tenderly transported six at a time from library storage Society collected county newspapers until 1910. In that year, its re- to the microfilmer and back,disappeared when the library vacated the cords state, it turned its holdings over to the pertinent local libraries. storage space. Bill Binderman, an Historical Society trustee, found a For Larchmont/Mamaroneck,the WCHS had collected the following: few remnants in an alley in a cardboard box marked"Garbage--out." Mamaroneck Investigator: 1897,a few issues only This tale is told not to heap blame and shame on the ignorant but Mamaroneck Register: May 1882-1910 to honor the informed, and to illustrate the hazards to which irrep- Mamaroneck Paragraph: 1890-1910 laceable historical documents are exposed and the extraordinary Larchmont Ledger(otherwise unknown): 1897-1901 measures that are required to preserve them. Mamaroneck Democrat: 1902-1905 Richbell Press: 1906-1910 Larchmont Times: 1901-1907 Larchmonter-Times: 1908-1910 Where did these newspapers go? Neither Larchmont nor Mamaroneck had a public library in 1910, and no repository thus far found has any of these newspapers for these dates,with the exception 66 67 I 1 Appendix E: pended to Each Name. Being Useful to Banks, Merchants, and Others. Sources for Researching Larchmont's Past 1st ed.NY: 1842;5th ed.NY: 1845;6th ed.NY: 1846 Bolton,Reginald. Indian Life of Long Ago in the City of New York Books: Bolton, Robert.A Guide to New Rochelle and Vicinity (1842). Re- printed by Harbor Hill Books, Harrison,NY: 1976. N[o] A[uthor]. Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography. Bolton, Robert. History of the Several Towns, Manors and Patents NY:1887-89. of the County of Westchester. 1848. Rev.ed.NY: 1881. N. A. Biographical History of Westchester County, NY 2 vols. Bolton, Robert Jr. The History of the Protestant Episcopal Church Chicago:1899 in the County of Westchester. NY: 1855. NA.Club Men of New York 1893: Their Occupations,Business and Bolton, Robert Jr.A History of the County of Westchester from its Home Addresses. Sketches of Each of the Organizations. In New-York First Settlement to the Present Time. NY:1848. Rev. ed. NY: 1881, 2 Historical Society. vols.;3rd ed. NY: 1905 NA.Dictionary of American Biography Brown, T. Allston. A History of the New York Stage, 1732- 1901. NA. Who Was Who:Historical Volume 1607-1896 NY: 1903(reissued 1964). Abbott, Wilbur C. New York in the American Revolution. Port Burr,Aaron.Memoirs of,edited by M.L.Davis.NY: 1837 Washington,NY: 1962. Cooper, James Fenimore. Satanstoe. NY: 1845. [historical novel Albion,Robert G. The Rise of New York Port.NY:1970. set on Orienta Point]. American Society of Genealogists. Genealogical Research Methods Cooper,James Fenimore. The Spy. [historical novel set in and near and Sources.2 vols.Washington,DC: n.d. Mamaroneck during the Revolution] Ancara, Roger. Westchester's Forgotten Railway...the New York, Cornell, Thomas C. Adam and Anne Mott, their Ancestors and Westchester&Boston Railway. Rev. ed.NY: 1972. their Descendants. [by their grandson]. Poughkeepsie,NY: 1890. Armstrong, William. The Aristocracy of New York: Who They Are, Cox, John Jr. New York Church Archives: Religious Society of and What They Were. Being a Social and Business History of the City Friends. Catalogue. Records in possession of and relating to, the two for Many Years. Part I.NY:1848 New York Yearly Meetings of the Religious Society of Friends. New Asbury,Herbert.All Around the Town. NY: 1934. York City Historical Society Survey: 1938. Bacon, Margaret. Lucretia Mott: Valiant Friend. Walker & Co.: Cushman, Elisabeth and Herbert Nichols, Historic Westchester 1980 1683-1933. White Plains,NY: 1933. Copy in Rye Public Library. Bailey, Rosalie. Guide to Genealogical and Biographical Sources Dawson, Henry Barton. Westchester County, New York, during the for New York City(Manhattan) 1783-1898.NY: 1954 American Revolution. Morrisania,NY: 1886. Baird, Charles W. Chronicle of a Border Town: History of Rye Delancey, Edward F. "History of the Town of Mamaroneck" 1660-1870. NY: 1871. Reprinted by Harbor Hill Books, Harrison: (1886) in Thomas Scharf, History of Westchester County. NY:1886. 1974. Excerpts reprinted in Mamaroneck from Colonial Times Reprinted in Mamaroneck from Colonial Times through the First Cen- through the First Century of the Republic. Mamaroneck, NY: 1976. tury of the Republic. Mamaroneck, NY: 1976. Page references are to Page references are to the latter. the latter. Barrymore,Ethel.Memories:An Autobiography..NY: 1955. Denton, Daniel. A Brief Description of New York. London: 1670. Barrymore, Lionel [as told to Cameron Shipp]. We Banymores. DiMeglio,John. Vaudeville USA. Bowling Green U.Press: 1973. NY: 1951. Durant, John and Alice.Pictorial History of American Ships. NY: Beach, Moses Yale. Wealth and Biography of the Wealthy Citizens 1953. of New York City. Comprising an Alphabetical Arrangement of Persons East, Robert, ed. The Loyalist Americans: A Focus on Greater Estimated to Be Worth $100,000 and Upwards. With the Sums Ap- New York.Tarrytown,NY: 1975. 68 69 I r - English, Mary, ed. Early Town Records of the Town of Mamaroneck, 1697-1881. Mamaroneck, NY: 1979. Hough, Frank O. The Neutral Ground. [historical novel set in NYC Fish,Hamilton LL.D. New York State: The Battleground of the Re- and Westchester County; contains one chapter, "On Heathcote Hill," volutionary War. Vantage Press: 1976. set in Mamaroneck]. Fisher, Mrs. Elizabeth. Memoirs of.., Daughter of the Rev. Harry Hough, Franklin B. American Biographical Notes. Albany: 1895. Munro, Her Trial and Cruel Imprisonment. New York: 1811. Copy in Reprinted by Harbor Hill Books, Harrison,NY: 1974. Huguenot-Thomas Paine Historical Society Library, New Rochelle, Hufeland, Otto. A Checklist of Books, Maps, Pictures and Other NY. Printed Matter Relating to the Counties of Westchester and the Bronx. Fishman, Robert. Bourgeoise Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Sub White Plains, NY: 1929. urbia. NY: 1987. Hufeland, Otto. Westchester County during the American Revolu- Fiske, Stephen. Off-Hand Portraits of Prominent New Yorkers. NY: tion (1775-1783). White Plains, NY: 1926. Reprinted by Harbor Hill 1884. Books, Harrison, NY, 1974. Forbes, Jeanne, ed. Records of the Town of New Rochelle, 1699 Irwin, Ray W.Daniel D. Tompkins. NY: 1968. 1828. New Rochelle, NY: 1916. Jackson, Kenneth T. The Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization Fowler,Gene.Good Night Sweet Prince. Philadelphia: 1945. of the U.S.. NY: 1985. Fox, Dixon Ryan. Caleb Heathcote, Gentleman Colonist. NY: Jay, John. Correspondence and Public Papers. Ed. by H.P. 1926. Reprinted by Cooper Square Publishers 1971. Johnston,NY: 1890. Franko,Alfred M. The Place of Mount Vernon's Village Green and Jay, John [great-great-grandson of above]. Memorials of Peter Augustus Jay by his Great-Grandson. Privately printed: 1929. Copy in St. Paul's Church in American History. Mt. Vernon, NY: n.d. French, Alvah P. History of Westchester County, NY. 4 vols. NY: Larchmont Public Library. 1925. Jenkins,Stephen. The Old Boston Post Road.NY: 1913. French,John Homer. Gazeteer of New York State (1866). Josephson, Matthew. The Robber Barons.NY: 1962. Fulcher, Wm. Gershom. Mamaroneck through the Years (1661- Knight, Madame. Journal of(1704) with an introductory note by 1936).Larchmont,NY: 1936. George Winship. NY: 1935 Fulcher, Wm. Gershom. The Story of a Friendly Village: Lane,Wheaton J.Commodore Vanderbilt.NY: 1942. Mamaroneck, N.Y., 1896-1946. Mamaroneck,NY: 1946. Lederer, Richard M. Jr. The Place Names of Westchester County, Griffin, Ernest Freeland, ed. Westchester County and Its People:A NY. Harrison,NY: 1978. Record. 3 vols.NY: 1946. Levi, James H. and Constance A. Levi.Larchmont, New York the Grunbaum, Rita.Larchmont. Larchmont, NY: 1961. Way It Was:Picture Postcards of Old Larchmont. N.p.: 1990. Hadaway, Wm. S., ed. The McDonald Papers Part II. McAdam, David et al., ed. History of the Bench and Bar of New Publications of the Westchester County Historical Society, Vol. V. York.NY: 1897. White Plains,NY: 1927. McDonald,John M. The McDonald Papers (1844-1851). Edited by Hall,Henry,ed. America's Successful Men of Affairs. NY: 1895. Wm. S.Hadaway.White Plains, NY: 1927. Hansen, Harry. Scarsdale,from Colonial Manor to Modern Corn- Morgan, Edmond. The Protestant Dilemma: The Story of John munity. NY: 1954 Winthrop. Boston: 1958. Haven,Alice B.A Memoir of Alice B. Haven. NY: 1871. Morris, Richard B., ed. John Jay: I The Making of a Revolution Herman, Herbert. Larchmont: A Case Study in Civic Improve- ary. Unpublished Papers 1745-1780.NY: 1975. ment. N.p.: 1959. Morris, Richard B., ed.John Jay:II The Winning of the Peace. Un- Holbrook,Stewart A. The Old Post Road. NY: 1962. published Papers 1780-1784. NY: 1980. Hone,Philip. The Diary of..1828 1851.NY: 1936. Morrison, John H. History of American Steamship Navigation (1903).NY: 1958. 70 71 Nichols, Herbert B. Historic New Rochelle.. New Rochelle, NY: Smith, Henry Townsend. Manual of Westchester Past and Present. 1938 Civil List to Date. White Plains: 1898. O'Callaghan, E.B., ed. Documentary History of the State of New Spann, Edward K. The New Metropolis: New York City, 1840- York. Albany: 1850-51. 1857. NY: 1981. O'Callaghan, E.B., ed. Documents Relating to the Colonial History Spikes, Judith Doolin. Larchmont, N.Y.: People and Places, Pre- of New York. Albany: 1856-61 (vol. 10, 1745-78). History to 1892. In press. Parton,James. The Life and Times of Aaron Burr(1858). Stanford, R. Patrick. Lines of the New York, New Haven, and _. Pelletreau, William. Early Wills of Westchester County 1664- 1784 Hartford Railroad. N.p.: 1976. (1898);in New York Historical Society. Stokes,Isaac. New York Past and Present: 1524-1939. NY: 1939. Pellew,George.John Jay. NY: 1890. Swanson, Susan Cochran and Elizabeth Green Fuller. Westchester Pember, Arthur. The Mysteries and Miseries of the Great Met- County:A Pictorial History. Norfolk, Va.: 1982 ropolis. NY: 1874. Tatum, Edward H. The Story of Larchmont Manor Park. Pomerantz, New York: An American City 1783-1803. Pt. Larchmont, NY: 1946 Washington, NY: 1938. Thompson, Benjamin. History of Long Island. NY: 1839).3rd edi- Pryer, Charles. Legends, Traditions and Superstitions of Westches- tion,revised and enlarged by Charles J.Werner;3 volumes. ter.N.p.: 1890. Trelease, Allen. Indian Affairs of Colonial New York: The 17th Pryer, Charles. The Neutral Ground. NY: 1898. Also published in Century.NY: 1960. Knickerbocker Press Half Moon Series,vol.2,no. 12;n.d. Valentine, David T.History of the City of New York. NY: 1853. Pryer, Charles. Reminiscences of an Old Westchester Homestead. Valentine, David T. Manual of the Corporation of the City of New NY: 1897;also published in Pollers Monthly,June 1877. York. NY: 1842-70;Index 1890. Reed,Henry Hope.Central Park. NY: 1967. Valentine's Manual of Old New York, Vol. XI. Edited by Henry Reische, Diana. Of Colonists and Commuters: A History of Collins Brown.NY: 1926 Scarsdale. Scarsdale,NY: 1976. Van der Donck, Adriaen. A Description of the New Netherlands Sabine, Lorenzo. Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the (1650).Syracuse,NY: 1968 American Revolution. Boston: 1864. Weigold, Marilyn. America's Mediterranean. Port Washington, Sanchis, Frank E. American Architecture: Westchester County, NY,• NY: 1974 Colonial to Contemporary. Croton on Hudson: 1977 Weigold, Marilyn. Pioneering in Parks and Parkways: Westchester Scharf, J. Thomas. History of Westchester County. Philadelphia: County, NY, 1895-1945. Public Works Historical Society, Chicago: 1886. 1980. Schlesinger,A. M. The Colonial Merchants and the American Re- Weigold, Marilyn, ed. Westchester County: The Past Hundred volution, 1773-1776. NY: 1917. Years, 1883-1983. Valhalla,NY: 1983. Scoville, Jos. A. (Walter Banett, pseud.). The Old Merchants of Wolley, Charles. A Two Years'Journal in New York and Part of Its New York. 5 vols. NY: 1862-1885. Territories in America 1678-80. [1701] Seacord, Morgan H. and Hadaway, Wm. S. Historical Landmarks II of New Rochelle. New Rochelle,NY: 1935 P4 Shonnard, Frederic and W.W. Spooner. History of Westchester 1 County. NY: 1900. Reprinted by Harbor Hill Books, Harrison, NY: 1974. Singleton, Esther. Social New York under the Georges, 1714- 1776. 1 New York: 1902. Skinner,Alanson.Indians of Greater New York.NY: 1909. I 72 73 ,11111111111.1111. 11 a � Essays and Articles NA. "The Sage of Echo Bay," New York Daily Graphic, 10-9- 1878[re theatrical colony in Larchmont]. Clipping in Hufeland Scrap- NA."Bevan Foreclosure Looming,"Daily Times 7-3-1979. book,Mt. Vernon to New Rochelle. NA. "Bevan Hotel: A Theatrical Heritage," Mamaroneck Daily NA. "Saint Augustine's Church Established 25 Years," Times(c. 1952--undated clipping in LHS Archives). Larchmonter-Times 7-7-1921. NA. "The Bevan Hotel Now Year-Round Resort," Larchmont NA. "Saint John's Church: History of the Parish and Plans for Times 12-14-1922. the Future," Mamaroneck Paragraph 2-10-1894. NA. "Former President Hopkins Recalls Important Happenings NA. "Some Military Events in Westchester during the Revolu- in Village,"Larchmont Times 5-30-1935. tion," The Westchester Historian II, no. 1 91926), pp.3-6. NA. "House Occupied since 1842 Succumbs to Trend of Times," NA. "Suffrage and Suffragettes," Westchester Life of Today I (Oc- Larchmont Times 12-12-1942. tober 1915), pp.6-7, 11. NA. "Larchmont Manor: An Ideal Government and Model Re- NA. "Union Free and High School: Mamaroneck's Public School sidential Village,"Mamaroneck Paragraph 10-1-1892. Second to None in the County," Mamaroneck Paragraph 11- 15-1890. NA."Larchmont Manor,"Mamaroneck Paragraph 10-1-1893. NA. "Victoria Hotel, Old Landmark Sold: Property Held for NA. "Larchmont Once for Actors 'Between Jobs,'" White Plains $300,000. Will Be Razed and $2,300,000 Hotel Erected," Larchmont Reporter Dispatch 5-10-1960, p.23,col.4. Times 3-10-1927. NA. "Larchmont's Remarkable Fire Department," The Commer- Becker, E.M. "Westchester County Freeholders 1763," New York cial Advertiser 9-6-1902.Clipping in Hufeland Scrapbook. Historical Society Quarterly,vol.35, p.283(1951). NA. "Larchmont Will Fight: Women Raise $1,500 to Help Keep Benedict, Marian. "Good Housekeepers Prevent Fires, Says Hotels from the Manor,"New York Times 10-16-1895. Larchmont Fire Chief,"New Rochelle Standard Star 11-18- 1932. NA. "Last Sunday for Service in Church [old St. Augustine's]", Benedict, Marian. 'The Old Victoria Passes into Oblivion: Pro- Larchmonter-Times 12-16-1922. gress is Made in Tearing Down Old Victoria Hotel in Larchmont," NA. "Little Quaker Heroine" [Anne Mott], New York Tribune 7- Larchmont Times 8-15-1935. 24-1898.Clipping in Hufeland Scrapbook. Bradley, A. Day. "Abigail Mott of Mamaroneck," The Westchester NA. "Manor Inn Served Silver Screen Crowd," White Plains Re- Historian,vol.53, no.4. porter Dispatch 6-9-1966, p.42. "Census of New Rochelle, Mamaroneck and Morrisania for 1698, NA. "Mitchell House Destroyed by Fire,"New Rochelle Press 12- transcribed by Howard Randolph and annotated by Richard Webber." 30-1905. New York Genealogical and Biographical Record,April 1928. NA."Mrs.Roosevelt Greeted,"Larchmont Times 5-26-1932. Collins, E.K.Obituary. New York Herald, 1-23-1878. NA. "New Rochelle Firemen Assist at Big Fire in Larchmont," Davis, Barbara. "Davids Island," The Westchester Historian [guar- New Rochelle Pioneer 12-30-1905. terly of the Westchester Historical Society], Vol. 66, no. 1 (Winter NA. 'The New Suburb: A Domestic Problem Solved--Larchmont 1990) Manor and Its Prospects,"New York Times (Sunday,5-12-1872,p.5). Deedy, John. "Rumblings in Paradise," New York Magazine 6-14- NA. "A Quaint Mamaronecker: Adam G. Coles," New York 1971. Times 3-23-1896.Clipping in Hufeland Scrapbook. Dornbusch, William F. "Captain John Underhill," The Westchester NA. "Quakers in Westchester County,"Quaker History,vol. 15,p. Historian vol.49,no.3(1973),pp.49-57. 33(1926). Dunlap, Charles J. "The 1733 Eastchester Election, the Zenger NA."Review of Passing Year,"Daily Times 12-31-1953. Trial, and Freedom of the Press," The Westchester Historian, vol. 64, NA. "Royal Victoria, Old Hotel, Being Torn Down Now: Site no.2(Spring 1988). Will Be Landscaped by Larchmont Manor Park Society;Showplace in Dunlap, Charles J. "The Image Stone of the Siwanoys," The Gay'90s,"Larchmont Times 6-20-1935. Westchester Historian,vol.4, no.2(1928). 74 75 1 Forbes, Robert Lucas. Series of articles in Larchmont Times re- producing Larchmont Village Board Minutes 1891-1932. Published M.W.S. "Freeholders Living in Mamaroneck, 1763," Quarterly Bu!- January 24, 1935 to June 6, 1940. On microfilm in Larchmont Public letin of the Old Town of Mamaroneck Historical Society, vol. 1, no. 2 Library; also in scrapbook labeled "History of Village of Larchmont-- (1953),p. 15. Forbes Articles"in Larchmont Public Library. New York City Directory 1789, 1876, 1877. In New Public Library Forster, K. "Westchester: A House Divided,' New York History, and New-York Historical Society. vol. 28,p.404((1947). Palmer, B. "A Brief History of St. Paul's Church, Mt. Vernon," Fulcher, William. "Washington Here Twice," Larchmont Times 2- The Westchester Historian vol. 17,no.2(1941), pp. 33-39. 27-1941. Pessen, Edward. "Moses Beach Revisited," Journal of American Gavitt, Richard Edward. "Maps and Milestones," The Westchester History,vol.58,no.2(September 1971),p.415ff. Historian,vol.48, no.4(1972),pp.75-81. Pessen, Edward. "The Wealthiest New Yorkers of the Jacksonian Groh, Lynn. "Tour to Recall Victorian Era," Mamaroneck Daily Era: A New List,"New-York Historical Society Quarterly vol.54(April Times 12-11-1981. 1970),pp. 145-172. Holbrook, I.S. "The Early History of Larchmont," Larchmonter_ Picinich, R.G. Jr. "Larchmont Yacht Club," Motor Boating June Times 4-17-1921. 1945,p.36ff. In Larchmont Public Library. Hufeland, Otto. "A Methodist-Quaker Dispute in New Rochelle Popp, Evelyn. "Letter to the Editor,"Mamaroneck Daily Times, 8- in 1808," The Westchester Historian vol. 10, no.2(1934),pp. 21-35. 15-1979. Johnson, Mary Anne. "For Sale: Farm, Neck of Land in Marrow- Pryer, Charles. Obituary. [New York Times?' 6-9-1916. Clipping neck,"Mamaroneck Daily Times,3-26-1976. in Hufeland Scrapbook. Johnson, Mary Anne. "Mills Abounded in Area," Mamaroneck Pryer, Charles. "Old Historic Buildings of Westchester County," Daily Times,3-18-1976. Proceedings, American Numismatic and Archeological Society. NY: Kerr, Walter. "A Happy Resident's Ode," New York Times 12-12- 1899.Pp. 33-40. 1969. Reisman, Phil. "Auction Set for Bevan March 16," Daily Times 2- Koke, Richard J. "Milestones along the Old Highway of New 22-1979. York City," The New York Historical Society Quarterly vol. 34 (1950), Reisman, Phil. "Wendt Was a Leader as Well as Landowner," p 309ff. Daily Times 5-28-1979. Lederer, Richard M. "Post Roads,Turnpikes and Milestones," The Reisman, Phil. "For Sale: Only the Hull of Once Glamorous Westchester Historian,Spring 1987,p.36ff. Hotel,"Daily Times 3-15-1979. Lindsley, Charles E. "The Huguenot Settlement of New Rochelle," Reisman, Phil. "New Buyer Unveils Plans for Bevan,"Daily Times New Rochelle Pioneer,9-5-1885. 3-17-1979. Ludwig, Walter. "The Quakers in Mamaroneck," The Westchester Reisman, Phil. "Bevan Work to Begin this Summer," Daily Times Historian vol.25,no. 1 (1949). 4-25-1979. Mass, Richard. "A New York City Family Flees to Westchester," Reisman, Phil. "Bevan Project Safe at First Base," Daily Titnes 5- The Westchester Historian vol. 63, no. 1 (Spring 1987), p. 36ff. 11-1979 Mass, Richard. "'We Think He Deserves to Suffer': Keeping an Reisman, Phil. "Bevan Plan Is Safe at Second," Daily Times 5- 17- Eye on Westchester's Tories, 1775-1777," The Westchester Historian, 1979. vol.66,no.2(Spring 1990). Reisman, Phil. "Bevan Okay Delayed; Drawings Needed," Daily Mathias,A.H."Savoring Severin's Larchmont,"Of Westchester,Oc- Times 5-25-1979. tober 1974,p.52ff. Reisman, Phil. "Woolfenden: Bevan Will Be Restored," Daily Times 7-5-1979. Reisman, Phil. "Board Affirms Intent to Foreclose on Bevan," Daily Times 8-7-1979. 76 77 1 Reisman, Phil. "Another Bevan Foreclosure Looms," Daily Times Severin, Philip. "Gourauds Maintained Exhuberant 'Hacienda,'" 9-12-1979. Daily Times 10-?-1970 (date on clipping in Larchmont Public Library Reisman, Phil. "Bevan Project Gets Another Reprieve," Daily mutilated). Times 1-8-1980. Severin, Philip. "Early Larchmont Trade Area Recalled by Artist Reisman, Phil. "Bevan's Renovation in Full Swing,"Daily Times 9- Severin,"Larchmont Times 12-8-1949. 15-1980. Severin, Philip. "What Christmas Was Like in Larchmont's Early Robinson, Sue. "Chatsworth Heights Was Once Horse Pasture," Days,"Larchmont Times 12-22-1949. Larchmonter-Times 9-15-1921. Severin, Philip. "One Area Served Shoppers in '16," Daily Times Robinson, Sue. "Larchmont in the Time of the Indians," 1969 or 1970 (date on clipping in Larchmont Public Library muti- Larchmonter-Times 7-21-1921. laced). Robinson, Sue. "Larchmont Had General Store in 1883," Severin, Philip. "Old Larchmont: The Station Area at the Turn of Larchmonter-Times 8-25-1921. the Century," The Larch Tree (publication of the Larchmont Woman's Robinson, Sue. "Larchmont Woods Once a Picnic Grounds," Club),February 1948. Larchmonter-Times 9-8-1921. Severin,Philip."Old Larchmonters," The Larch Tree,January 1948. Robinson, Sue. "Larchmont Had Water Famine Years Ago," Severin, Philip. "Severin Recalls Farm Life in Larchmont 50 Years Larchmonter-Times 8-11-1921. Ago"[Daily Times c. 1970--date mangled]. Robinson, Sue. 'The Old School House and the Swimming Hole," Severin, Philip. "Hickey Played a Leading Role in Larchmont Larchmonter-Times 9-21-1921. Horse Car Era,"Larchmont Times [1948 or 1949--date mangled]. Robinson, Sue. "Religious Growth of Larchmont," Larchmonter- Severin, Philip. "'Millionaire Fire Department' Won Fame for Times 8-18-1921. Larchmont,"Larchmont Times ?-10-1949(date mangled). Sansolo, Michael. "Doria: What Do They Want?" [re Bevan Severin, Philip. "Grand Old Larchmont Family Dates Residence Hotel],Mamaroneck Daily Times 7-18-1978. to 1872" [Larchmont Times c. 1949 or Daily Times c. 1970-- iden- Sansolo,Michael. "Misconduct Fine: $100" [re Bevan Hotel],Daily tifiers missing]. Times 7-22-1978. Severin, Philip. "Larchmont of 50 Years Ago Closed its Homes in Scott, Charles Fletcher. "Larchmont-on-the Sound," Town and Winter"[Larchmont Times c. 1949]. Country magazine, November 8, 1902. Severin, Philip. "Stars of Stage and Screen Had Homes in Old Scott, Eleanor. "Early Literary Clubs in New York City," Larchmont,"Larchmont Times 11-17-1949. American Literature vol.5,p.7ff(1933). Severin, Philip. "Firefighters Wore White flannels," Daily Times Seacord, Morgan. "Indian Rock Shelter of Larchmont," The 12-26-1969. Westchester Historian, vol. 38, no. 2 (1962), pp. 48-50 (includes pho- Severin, Philip."Towles Were the Grand Family,"Daily Times 1-24- to). 1970. Seacord, Morgan. "Premium Mill in Mamaroneck," The Westches- Severin, Philip. "Christmases Were Always White,"Daily Times 12- ter Historian,vol. 40,no. 4(1964), pp.82-85(includes photo of mill). 18-1969. Severin,Philip. "Commuters Used Horsecar in 1899,"Mamaroneck Severin, Philip. "Amy's Luck Ran Out with Fifth Husband,"Daily Daily Times, ?-?-1970 (date on clipping in Larchmont Public Library Times 5-20-1970. mutilated). Severin, Philip. "Mayhew Bronson and the Big Parade of 1913"; Severin,Philip. "Diversions Were Simple in 1901,"Daily Times 2-5- identifiers missing. 1970. Severin, Philip. "Oldest Mamaroneck Son Looks Back on Good Severin, Philip. "Celebrities Favored the New Summer Resort," Old Days,"Larchmont Times 12-15-1949. Daily Times 1-14-1970. Severin, Philip. "Cy Harper Had First Hack Service,"Daily Times 1-7-1970. 78 79 1 Severin, Philip,"Country Fair,"Daily Times, 11-26-1967. Spikes,Judith Doolin. "Ruthless Vaudeville Manager Led Genteel Sheldon, Geo. W. "Old Shipping Merchants of New York." Har- Life in Larchmont,"Daily Times 4-26-1983. pers magazine, Feb. 1892, vol. 84, pp. 457-471. Includes portrait Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Strolling through History,"Daily Times 9- etching of Collins. 27-1981. Singsen, Mary Ellen. "The Quaker Way in Old Westchester," The Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Tautogs Had Jolly Times on Larchmont Westchester Historian,Winter 1982. Waterfront,"Daily Times 9-6-1982. Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Bevan Hotel: Coming Full Circle," Daily Spikes, Judith Doolin. "The Man Who Founded Larchmont," Times 7-5-1981. Daily Times 7-4-1984. Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Cemeteries Show Effects of Vandals and Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Two New Houses Go Up on Beach Neglect,"Daily Times 10-17-1983. Avenue,"Sound View News 1-24-1991. Spikes,Judith Doolin. "Early, Rustic Larchmont Drew City Dwel- Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Walking Tour Telescopes Time," Daily lers,"Daily Times 1-13-1991. Times 9-26-1981. Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Flagpole Story Recalls Bitter Days,"Daily Spikes, Judith Doolin. "What's in a Name? A Chapter in Times 11-29-1983. Larchmont's History,"Daily Times 4-26-1981. Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Founder's Fountain Flows for Almost a Stockton, Russell. "Larchmont and Orients," Munsey's magazine, Century,"Sound View News 12-14-1990. vol.7,no.5 (August 1892),pp.516-526. Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Her Majesty Folds but Memory Reigns," Waroff, Deborah. "Castles on the Sand," New York Times 4-17- Daily Times 7-6-1981. 1977. Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Larchmont Fountain: A Feminist History," Whitney, Ralph. "The Unlucky Collins Line,"American Heritage, New York Times (Westchester Section) 10-12-1980. February 1957. Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Larchmont Grew from 1865 Real Estate Wilson, George N. "The Invasion of New Rochelle in 1813," The Deal,"Daily Times 1-6-1991. Westchester Historian,vol.40,no.2(1964), pp.27-31. Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Larchmont Homes Share Village's Wilson, George N. "Stephenson Drain," The Westchester Historian Theatrical Past,"Daily Times 1-20-1991. vol.38,no.4(1962),pp. 105-109. Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Larchmont's Royal Victoria Hotel Was a Weigold, Marilyn. "Roads to Nowhere." The Westchester His- Colorful Part of Ragtime Era,"Daily Times 7-22-1985. torian,Fall 1979,pp.86-89. Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Last Vaudeville Czar Oversaw Transition to Movie Industry,"Daily Times 4-27-1983. Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Local Theater Owner Proctor Seen as Newspapers Tight-Fisted Vaudevillian,"Daily Times 4-25-1983. Spikes, Judith Doolin. "'Missing' in a Trip through Time," Daily Signed articles and other major features are listed above. Virtually Times 9-25-1981. every issue of the Mamaroneck Paragraph contains something of in- Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Neighboring Cemeteries Testify to Dif- terest. The Larchmonter-Times, the Larchmont Times, and the ferent Faiths,"Daily Times 10-16-1983. Mamaroneck Daily Times are also major sources. Much information Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Old School Deserves Creative Reuse," can gleaned from the New York Times, the Herald, the Sun, and Daily Times 11-9-1980. other New York City newspapers, and from New Rochelle and other Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Palmer Saga Typifies Settlers," Daily Westchester newspapers such as the Mt. Vernon Argus and the Port Times 5-2-1982. Chester Enterprise. For a finding list of local newspapers, see Appen- Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Quakers First to Lead the Town," Daily dix D. Times 5-3-1982. 80 81 • I Larchmont Yacht Club,Souvenir Program of Race Week 1908. Booklets, Brochures, Directories,and Pamphlets St.John's Church in Action. Published by St.John's Church, 1943. New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company. Homes Brown, Helen Warren, ed. Mamaroneck:A Panorama of Her First on the Sound for New York Business Men. NY: 1875. In New-York Three Centuries. Mamaroneck, NY: 1961. Historical Society. Curtin's Westchester Directory for 1868-69. in New York Public Perrin, Howell C. "Larchmont" in Westchester Realty Board 1928 Library. Yearbook.White Plains, NY: 1927. Pages 116-121. Foland, John M.D.St. John's First 75 Years. Flyer published by St. Polk's Directories of Mamaroneck, Larchmont, Harrison 1927- 28, John's Church (1966). In Larchmont Historical Society Archives. 1930-31. In Larchmont Public Library. Friends of the Larchmont Library, Walkabout Old Larchmont Real Estate Record of Westchester County (1912). In New York (1976). Public Library. Harris, Dan [publisher]. Do You Know Larchmont? Monthly Richmond's Directories of New Rochelle, Larchmont and brochure-format publication focused on Larchmont businesses and Mamaroneck 1919-1929. In New Rochelle Public Library. civic organizations, 1930s and '40s. An almost complete run in Scarsdale Public Library. A Union List of Westchester County Westchester County Historical Society Library. Books in Westchester Libraries. Scarsdale, NY: 1934. In New York Hopkins, Jos. G.E., "The World and St. Augustine's Church," in Public Library. St.Augustine's Church Golden Anniversary 1928-1978. Social Register Association. The Social Register, New York. 1888- Improvement Society of Larchmont Park, "Historical Sketch of 1930. Larchmont,"in Historical Program:November 17, 1916. Spikes, Judith Doolin. Larchmont-on-the-Sound: The Rise and Larchmont Avenue Church. History of... In Larchmont Public Fall of the Resort Hotels. Larchmont Historical Society: 1990. Library. Spikes,Judith Doolin. Round and About:An Account of Who Was Larchmont Fire Department. Golden Jubilee Celebration 1891- Who and What Was What [c. 18911. Larchmont Historical Society: 1941. includes two-page history of the Larchmont Fire Department by 9 1984. William J. Moran. In Larchmont Public Library. Turner's Directories of Larchmont, Mamaroneck and New Rochel- Larchmont Manor Park Society.Annual Report to Members. 1892- le 1901-1918. In New Rochelle Public Library. 1990(some in typescript, some years missing). In Larchmont Histori- Weigold, Marilyn. Pioneering in Parks and Parkways: Westchester cal Society Archives. County, New York, 1895-1945. Chicago: 1980. Larchmont Manor Park Society.Annual Report to Members. 1958- - 1984. In Larchmont Public Library. Maps, Prints,Photographs, Larchmont Manor Park Society,Program of Exercises,July 4, 1898. p ' Portraits In Larchmont Public Library and Larchmont Historical Society Ar- Astle, Sydney. "Larchmont Ladies." Videotape. In Larchmont chives. I Historical Society Archives. Larchmont Park [advertising brochure]; n.p., n.d.; in New York Astle, Sydney. "A Tribute to Philip Severin." Videotape. In • Public Library Genealogy and Local History Room. Larchmont Historical Society Archives. Larchmont Real Estate Board. Larchmont: A Residential Village Collins, E.K.: Oil portrait in Catalogue of Portraits in the Chamber of Westchester County. Ic. 19401 In Larchmont Public Library. of Commerce in the State of New York (1924); 3/4 portrait in Larchmont the Beautiful. illustrated supplement to Larchmonter- Gleason's Pictorial, vol. 1, p. 256 (1851); also in vol. 7, p. 412 (1854) Times,9-28-1922. and Harper's Magazine vol.84, p. 469(1892). Larchmont, Village of. 1891-1966 Diamond Jubilee. In Larchmont Larchmont Historical Society Archives,photo files. Public Library. Munro, Margaret White.Oil portrait in Frick Collection. Larchmont Yacht Club,Centennial Yearbook(1980). Larchmont Yacht Club,Diamond Jubilee Yearbook(1955). Munro, Peter Jay.Oil portrait in Frick Collection. 82 83 French, Alvah P. Scrapbooks. In Westchester County Historical Spikes, Judith Doolin. "Introduction to Larchmont History for 4th-Grade Students." Carousel of slides and script. In Larchmont Society. Historical Society Archives. "Historical Development of Westchester County: A Chronology," Totten, Sherman. "Larchmont." Carousel of slides with script and prepared under the direction of the Planning Staff, Westchester taped narration. In Larchmont Public Library. County Emergency Work Bureau, 1939.Typewritten; two volumes. In For maps, see Appendix C. New York Public Library. Hockman, Anne Miller. "Burial Grounds in the Mamaroneck- Manuscripts and Other Unpublished Works Larchmont Area."Typewritten. In Mamaroneck Free Library. Hopkins, Eustis et al. Letter to "Dear Sir" regarding Mitchell NA. "Early [Quaker] Meeting Houses on the Main."Typewritten. House litigation. Copy in Larchmont Historical Society Archives. In Haviland Records Room,Society of Friends,NYC. Horseshoe Harbor Yacht Club. Minutes and Correspondence. In NA. "History of the Larchmont Water Supply" (n.p., n.d.--c. Larchmont Historical Society Archives. 1980). 11 mimeographed pages. In Larchmont Public Library. Howell, Ella. Scrapbook. See "Mamaroneck Town and Vicinity Boehn, Charles S. Letter to Proprietor of Manor Inn, 1941. Copy Scrapbook." in Larchmont Historical Society Archives. Howell, E.H. His Account Book as Treasurer of the Board of Education, Mamaroneck School District No. 2, 1855-1857. In New Campbell, H. Richmond. "A Village of Yesterday: Mamaroneck in the Early Years of the 20th Century." 245 typewritten pages. In York Public Library. Mamaroneck Free Library. Hufeland, Otto. Scrapbooks [especially Pelham to Mamaroneck]. Cochran,Maude. Two letters dated 1949.In Larchmont Historical In Huguenot Thomas Paine Historical Association Library, New Society Archives. Rochelle, NY. Cox, John Jr. "New York Church Archives: Religious Society of Larchmont Manor Park Society. Minute Books 1891-1929. In Friends. Catalogue. Records in possession of, and relating to, the Larchmont Historical Society Archives. two New York Yearly Meetings of the Religious Society of Friends." Larchmont Manor Park Society vs. James M. Smith et a/. New New York Historical Records Survey, 1938. In Haviland Records York State Court of Appeals. Room,Society of Friends, NYC. Larchmont Village Board. Minutes of (1891-present). In Village Davis, Harriet Bruen and William Franklin Davis, compilers. Hall. "Munrosfield: The Life of Rev. Harry Munro, 1729-1801, and of His Larchmont Village (proposed) Census 1891. In Village Board Descendants."Typewritten. Copies of sections relevant to Larchmont Minutes,Larchmont Village Hall. are in the Larchmont Historical Society Archives. Larchmont Village Engineer's Office. Records of(1934-present). Elias S.A. DeLima vs. Harriet Mitchell and Others, Supreme In Larchmont Village Hall. Court,Westchester County. Larchmont Village Planning Board.Minutes of. In Village Hall. Feldman, Milton. "A History of the Newspapers of Mamaroneck, Larchmont Village Tax Assessment Rolls 1891-1898. In New York."Typewritten. In Mamaroneck Free Library. Larchmont Historical Society Archives. Larchmont Village Zoning Board. In Larchmont Village Hall. Finch, James Myers and Earnest R. Information on Bonnett, Vanderburgh, Wilmarth, Hall and Myers families of Larchmont. 2 Larchmont Yacht Club. Report of the Library Committee 1897. pages. Typewritten. In Larchmont Historical Society Archives. [Lists accessions by donor.] In New York Historical Society. Flint Family Papers. Correspondence, bills, household accounts. Lowenstein, Roger. "A Demographic History of Larchmont: In Larchmont Public Library. 1891- 1925" [1974].Typewritten. In Larchmont Public Library. Flint vs. Chamian. 6 App. Div. 121 Supreme Court, 6-9-1896. In Mamaroneck Town and Vicinity Scrapbook (1837-1941). Re- New York State Supplement 39,pp.892-895. miniscences of Miss Ella Howell (185?-1941). Newspaper clippings, mementos, maps, photographs, programs, souvenirs, etc. Compiled 84 85 by Harold Dean Cater. In Westchester County Historical Society of Education, Larchmont Public Library, Larchmont Historical Library. Society Archives. Miller, Robert B. and Charles Field Griffen (compilers)."Archives U.S. Census 1790, 1800, 1810, 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, of the Griffen Family 1899-1900." 80 pages. In the Mamaroneck Free 1580,1900, 1910, 1920. Available on microfilm at SUNY- Purchase Library. and elsewhere. Moran, William. "Civil History of Larchmont" (1923). 15 type- Van Cortlandt-Van Wych Papers 1667-1912. In New York Public written pages. In Larchmont Public Library. Library. Munro, Peter Jay. Westchester Turnpike Company Journal and Vanderlaen, C.H. "History of Horseshoe Harbor Yacht Club" Ledger by its Treasurer, Peter Jay Munro. 1800-1805, 1814-1828. In [1940.]. Typewritten. In Larchmont Historical Society Archives. New-York Historical Society. Vital Statistics of the Village of Larchmont, Village Clerk's Office, New York State Census 1905, 1915, 1925. In Westchester County Larchmont, NY. Archives,Elmsford,NY. Westchester County Land Records, Office of the County Clerk, Olmsted, Frederick Law. Papers. Library of Congress MSS Divi- White Plains,NY. Maps, Deeds, Mortgages. sion. Shelf#16, 498. Papers of FLO. Reel 37 (Conts. 42-43). Sub- Westchester County Legal Division, Office of the County Clerk, ject File: Private Estates. Collins,E.K. 1860 61. White Plains,NY. Corporation Index and Register. Palmer. Papers of Palmer, Howell,Sands and Related Families. In William Murray vs. Henry Weston as receiver of the Hoboken Turtle New York Public Library Annex. Club, Clara V. Shepard and May Charm an. Discussed in Palmer, Dorothy Rice. "Palmer Family Genealogy 1621-1957." Mamaroneck Paragraph 9-16-1899. Typewritten. In New York Public Library. [Nothing on Larchmont Wolfe, C.H. "The Life and Times of Manor Park Country" (1979). Palmers.] 16 typewritten pages. In Larchmont Public Library. Palmer, Horace. "Palmers in America." Typewritten. In New York Public Library Genealogy and Local History Room; pp. 4833- Interviews and Tapes 4981 re Larchmont Palmers. Palmer, Obadiah et al. A Second Letter to Adolph Philipse(1727). Astle, Sydney. "Larchmont Ladies." Videotape. In Larchmont In New-York Historical Society. Historical Society Archives. Palmer and Howell, Manufacturers of Tortoise Shell Combs of Astle, Sydney. "A Tribute to Philip Severin." Videotape. In Every Description, 84 Duane St., New York City. Papers of[1850s]. Larchmont Historical Society Archives. In New York Public Library. Freudenheim, Patricia Kroh. Oral history tape (c. 1975) in Pinkerton Detective Agency Files, October 7-14, 1904. In Larchmont Public Library. Larchmont Historical Society Archives. Goldstein, Seth [interviewer]. Series of oral history tapes begun in Richmond, Eugene McJimsey. Letters (1957--re 1870s). In 1990;in Larchmont Historical Society Archives. Larchmont Public Library. Green, Ruth. Oral history tape (c. 1975) in Larchmont Public Lib- Rogers, Leslie. "History of the Flint Family" (1941). Typewritten. rary.Larchmont Public Library. Smith, Mabel Woods (compiler). Abstracts of Wills for the 1`. Keresey, William. "Larchmont Police Department." Oral history •;i tape(c. 1975) in Larchmont Public Library. Township of Mamaroneck, Westchester County, NY, 1788-1855. In- Mamaroneck High School Local History Seminar (1941). "The dexed Liber A through Z, 27 through 35. As recorded at the Sur- Carry- All Takes Some Larchmonters Home from Church: 1890. rogate's Office, Westchester County Court Building, White Plains. 54 Radio script in Larchmont Public Library. pages. Severin, Philip. "Business Area of Larchmont and Real Estate." Spikes, Judith Doolin. "A Story of Larchmont, USA." 188 pages, Tape in Larchmont Public Library. typewritten. Copyright 1981 and 1982. Copies in Mamaroneck Board 86 87 1 Severin, Philip. "Famous Fires of Larchmont."Tape in Larchmont Public Library. Appendix F: Severin, Philip. "The Naming of Larchmont Streets." Tape in Index to [June] 1900 U.S. Census of Larchmont Larchmont Public Library. Severin, Philip. "Early Churches, Hotels, and Inns of Larchmont" (1974).Tape and transcript in Larchmont Public Library. One hundred seventy-five heads of household (including the Severin, Philip. "Entertainment in Early Larchmont and Theatrical Larchmont Yacht Club) were counted in the 1900 census. They are Personalities."Tape and transcript in Larchmont Public Library. listed alphabetically below; end numbers refer to the census Severin, Philip. "Larchmont Manor Walking Tour." Tape and schedules,which include much additional information. transcript in Larchmont Public Library. Also entered in the census schedules are every member of the Shelton, Natalie. Oral history tape (c. 1975) in Larchmont Public household by name, and including for each individual the relationship Library. to the head, race, sex, age,date and place of birth, marital status(and Totten,Sherman. "Larchmont." Videotape of slide-script program, if married, for how many years), number of children born to each with script read by Miriam Cumin. woman and number of living children, place of birth of mother and Whittemore, William. Oral history tape (c. 1975) in Larchmont father, citizenship status (natural-born, naturalized, immigrant, num- Public Library. ber of years in U.S.),and whether home owner or tenant. Yoder, Alma Kitchell. Oral history tape (c. 1975) in Larchmont ?rur,Austin-746 Chandler,George-723 Public Library. Allen,E...-734 Chatterton,Elizabeth-730 Alley,Bryan-760 Cobden,Richard-701 Alley,Wm.S.-749 Cochran,Otero-629 Amory,John M..-654 Coughlin,Martin-695 Anderson, Martin-741 Cowdrey,B-615 Andresen,Charles-698 Cowell (?), Ray w.-771 Barrett,Thomas-663 Crocker,Amy-697 Barretto,G.M.-732 Cushman,....B.-636 Bauer,Hugo-641 Cushman,John-643 Beau, Lucas-627 Cussen,Ritchard--645 Beddall,Ed-716 Dale,Jennie-665 Bemis,Wm.-674 Davidson,Martha-731 Bentz,Ellan-709 DeCordova,Aaron-751 Bentz,Stuart--671 Dexter,Wm.-637 Bevan,Mary-756 DiCicco,Michael-604 Bird,Joseph-682 Engle,Charles-640 Bohan,Joseph-696 Evans,Jane-634 Bradley,R-729 Faurot,Campbell-766 Branique,Thomas J.-710 Figner,Wm.-742 Brendon,Michael J.-605 Fincey,James-624 Bullard,Wm.-667 Fitzgerald,Patrick-647 Byrans,Patrick-652 Flandrou,George-626 Call,Edward-711 Flint,Fredrick-718 Camp,Wm.-653 Flucher,Carl W.-611 Campbell,Wm. H.-602 Foote, Edward B.-678 88 89 r 1 Fordyce,John-691 Liblatt,James J.-635 Fortune, Patrick-649 Lippon,George-774 Richard,Edwin A.-703 Tooker, Edward-685 Gerlach,Julius-609 Lockett, Benjamine-690 Ritchie,James-618 Topping(?),John-705 Gilder,Jose h 745 Lowrey,Gerard-684 Ryerson, Mary-767 Towle,George-713 Goodwin,AI ce-775 Maddock, David-621 Sands,John-630 Tuckerman, ? 715 Greenwood,Arthur-639 Maddock,John (Sr.?)-623 Sanger, Eugene-660 Van Berk,Geo. M.-772 i Griffon, Edward 702 Maddock,John 622 Sapham,Frank 664 VanTassel,Ch.-683 Haag,Charles L.-646 Mandeville, Philip 608 Schafer, R. 657 VonArmvar,Otto-744 Hall,John-661 Martin, .... 737 Seifert,Joseph-762 Wakeman,Eugene-617 Hamilton,Charles 0.-603 Maxwell,John-770 Shriver, Harry-670 Watson,Albert-677 i Silverston,Antony-672 Weaver, Delia-728 Hane, Harvey-625 McCahill,Thomas-736 Harding,John C.-616 McCormick, ?-722 Singer, ...-717 Webb, Henry-765 Hard Frank-658 McCreary,Wm.-673 Spaulding, ...-720 Webber,George-619 Harriman, Fr..-679 McElhose,Wm.-675 Sperry(?), ... 743 Wendt,Carsten 610 Harris,Raymond-612 McGuire,Wm.-650 Spith (?),Albin 656 West,George-699 Harris,Thomas-668 McKeand,James-606 Steuer....,Charles-708 Whiting, . 748 Stimson,Charles-738 Wilcox,Joseph-757 Hedges,Emmet-638 McKeenen,Mike-628 Suellan,August-648 Herne,Emma-768 McLoughlin,James-669 Wills,Charles J. 680 Hickey,John-651 Mitchell, Harriet-758 Sutton,George-712 Wilson,John-632 Tilden,Charles-727 Wright,Har..-733 Hindley,John-706 Monroe,Augustine-659 Tilden,Marmaduke--LYC Hoctor, Michel-754 Montross,Ambrose C.-613 Hogan,Patrick-687 Morris, Nellie-753 Holland,Thomas S.-655 Mowbary,Sam-614 Hopkins,Eustis-689 Mulhull, ....-735 Howard,Annie-692 Murray, Geo(?)-724 Humphrey,Joseph-750 Murray,Wm.-725 Hurry,Randolph-759 Murray,Wm.-726 Hyde,Seymour(?)-739 Nause, ...-693 4 Hynds,Mary-633 Neilson, ...-740 Ide,George-666 Nolen,Thomas-761 Jannus,F-620 O'Brien,John-714 Jenkins, ...-688 Pagan,George-642 • Jubb, Fred-769 Payson, H.-694 Kane,Bridgette-721 Pong,Tong-631 Kellner, ...-686 Proctor, Fredrick F.-676 Kirtland,Wm.-747 Pryer,Charles-755 Koriff(?), Louis-725 Purcell,John-681 Lamson, Martha-707 Ragan,John-662 Lamson,Roger-700 Raht (?), Henry-644 LeBarbier,Henry A.-763 Records, Edward-764 Lee, Robert--607 Regan, Richard-719 90 • 91 Appendix G: Larchmont Horse Railroad Co. (3-11-18%) Original Buyers of Map 610 Property Larchmont Manor Park Society(3-8-1895) from the Larchmont Manor Company Larchmont Yacht Club(5-28-1895) Laurence,Edward(7-18-1873) This alphabetized list of buyers of property from the Larchmont Lewis, Ellen J.(1-13-1875) Manor Company is based on indexes of deeds recorded between Lewis,James[aka James Deming] (10-6-1874) 1870,when the company made its first sale(although it was not legally Lewis,James[aka James Lewis Deming] (11-25-1876) formed until 1871), and 1896, when it disbanded. N.B. The dates fol- lowing the names are those on which the deeds were recorded, and MaCahill,Annie L. [Mrs.Thomas J.] (7 31 1879) are not necessarily the dates on which the sales were made. Montgomery,Harriet L.J. (1 27 1889) Murray,Chas. H. (1-15-1895) Bird,Joseph(3-31-1883) Murray,Chas. H. (11 4 1878) Bliss, Darius M. (10-25-1873) Murray,Chas. H. (4 6 1883) Burroughs,Claude(4-21-1874) Murray,Chas.H. (6 6 1883) Burroughs, Matilda H. [Mrs.Wm.H.] (1-11-1882) Murray,Chas. H. (7 25 1887) Campbell,Wm.H. (5-9-1888) Murray,Wm.(5 23 1883) Carver,Sallie C. (Mrs.Benj. F.] (3 25 1884) O'Connor[later Chatterton], Elizabeth(8-23-1876) Chatterton[formerly O'Connor], Elizabeth (8 23 ]876) O'Connor, Elizabeth A. ("widow") (12-3-1880) Davidson,Wm. M. (11-2 1881) Phalon,Joanna(5-17-1873) Deming,James L. [aka James Lewis] (10 6 1874) Phalon,Johanna(5-1-1874) Deming,James Lewis[aka James Lewis] (11-25-1876 Phalon, Louise(Mrs. Henry L.) (12-15-1873) Donaldson,James(5-17-1873) Richmond,Annie(5-17-1873) Elliot,Catherine(2-5-1874) Richmond,Annie K. (11-1-1875) Fleming,Francis C.(7-1-1879) Richmond,Annie K. (2-9-1876) Fleming,Francis C.(7-19-1880) Robinson,John R. (11-3-1880) Fleming,Francis C. (8-22-1878) Robinson,Kate(10-22-1872) Flint,Adele E. ("spinster") (6-15-1881) Robinson, Kate(Miss) (10-16-1878) Flint,Edward E. (3-30-1878) Scott, Francis M. (3-2-1886) Flint,Frederick W. (2-14-1882) Selchow, Mary P. [Mrs.Elisha G.] (1-23-1875) Flint,Helena("spinster") (6-15-1881) Sibell,Sarah A. (12-31-1873) Flint,Helena(2-14-1882) Skinner,Francis A. (3-8-1895) Flint,Helena(3-8-1895) Smith, Isabel (9-9-1874) Flint,TJS(12-27-1880) Smith, Isabel P. [Mrs.Leonard B.] (12-5-1877) Gardner,Adelia A. (11-7-1878) Smith, Isabel P. [Mrs.Leonard] (11-1-1872) Haigh,Hartley(12-15-1873) Sterling, Blanche (Mrs.Joseph H.) (3-5-1888) Hallet,Sarah M. (6-18-1874) Stivers,Geo. E.W. (1-7-1874) ' Hallett,Victoria(12-5-1872) Slivers,Geo. E.W. (12-29-1873) Hawkins,Maria Isabel [Mrs.Daniel H.] (12-15-1873) Stivers,Jerome (12-20-1872) Hcey,John(2 11 1870) Stivers,Mary F. (7 23 1873) James,Josiah L. (10-3-1874) Stivers,Mary Frances[Mrs. Geo.E.W.] (7-18-1873) Jardine,David (12-18-1873)) Towle, Frank C. (11-1-1872) 92 93 NOTES Tripp,Stephen G. (4-5-1876) Winchell, Virginia P. (12-8-1874) Woodruff,Julia R. ("spinster") (9-26-1879) Woodruff,Marcus(executors of) (7-18 and 7-20-1882) Woodruff,Marcus P. (trustees of) (1-10-1885) Woodruff, Mary E. ("spinster") (10-11-1879) Wurde,George W. (11-8-1872) 94 95 96 SaION l . '" 'Ning history is more fun than reading \\ Al a lot safer than making it," says ith Doolin Spikes. "This book is for .,..lose who want to do it but don't know where to start." A former academic with a Ph.D. in com- parative literature, the author is founding president of the Larchmont Historical Society and has been Larchmont Village Historian since 1980. "My interest in local history grew naturally out of my interest in family history, my love of old houses-- and the fact that my idea of a fun Saturday night is pokingaround in the most neg- lected stacks of a research library." "Hometown History" focuses on the author's present hometown, Larchmont New York, because, she says, "I've found that research guides general enough to be universally applicable are locally useless. 'Hometown History' is a cookbook for those doing research on Larchmont, a case study and guide for those researching other communities." Partial Table of Contents Domestic Mysteries * The Personal Past * Migratory Legends and Folklore Beliefs * The Basic Tools of Local History Research * Maps and Atlases * Land Records * Tax Rolls * *Blueprints and BuildingPermits * Wills Corporation RecordsVital Statis- tics * Census Schedules * Voter Registra- tion Records * Newspapers * Biographical Dictionaries * Social Directories * Statewide Archives and Records Database * Who Was Who in Larchmont in 1891 Fountain Square Books 1991 ISBN 0-9628957-0-9