HomeMy WebLinkAboutHistory of the Larchmont Water Supply 46.0
ific& T . Ry
OF THE
LARCH ONT
WATER
SUPPLY
HISTORY OF THE
LARCHMONT WATER SUPPLY
An historical sketch is made part of this report since it appears
that information of this kind is not collected in any one place. The
information has been derived from the files and published items in the
LARCHMONT TIMES.
In 1873 there were seven houses within the Village area.
Well supplies were used and water was lifted by hand pumps to overhead
tanks at a cost estimated at two dollars per day.
A water company was organized later by the grandfather of G. G. Murray
capitalized at $50,000. The residents agreed to pay
$25.00 in advance for 2500 gals.
.35 for each additional 1000 gals.
The company at the outset used wells as a source of supply. This was found
unsatisfactory. Sheldrake Pond off Weaver Street was purchased and
converted into a reservoir. Two and a half miles of pipe were laid to
bring this supply to the Village. On July 4th, 1889 water from this
reservoir was turned into the Village system.
The Sheldrake Pond supply was not deemed sufficient and a further
expansion was ordered by the Health Department. This led to the purchase
of Carpenter's Pond which at the time was a mud hole. A reservoir was
made at this point at a cost of $40,000. , and an additional $85,000. was
spent in the construction of a stone dam to retain the water. A further
$20,000. was used in extending the distribution system.
In 1897 the contract with the Water Company for hydrant service was
submitted to the voters at a special election June 18th.
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The contract as approved called for the payment of
HISTORY OF THE
$1000. per year
plus 25. for each hydrant LARCHMONT WATER SUPPLY
There were 33 hydrants connected to the water mains. William Murray
acted as Treasurer for the Water Company.
An historical sketch is made part of this report since it appears
When the Village in 1900 increased the number of sprinkling carts
that information of this kind is not collected in any one place. The
from one to three the Company asked for a revision of contract for water.
information has been derived from the files and published items in the
This was made the following year. The Company protested the damaging of
LARCHMONT TIMES.
water mains by blasting along the Post Road.
In 1873 there were seven houses within the Village area.
In 1906 the contract was renewed with the understanding that a
Well supplies were used and water was lifted by hand pumps to overhead
program of laying six inch pipe in the Village would be started.
tanks at a cost estimated at two dollars per day.
Complaint was registered in 1907 that certain hydrants were in need
A water company was organized later by the grandfather of G. G. Murray
of repair.
capitalized at $50,000. The residents agreed to pay
By 1911 the Village population had increased to 1958 persons.
$25.00 in advance for 2500 gals.
The White Plains branch of the New York, Westchester and Boston .35 for each additional 1000 gals.
Railway was constructed, passing through part of the watershed. While The company at the outset used wells as a source of supply. This was found
this work was going on the stream was policed to prevent pollution. unsatisfactory. Sheldrake Pond off Weaver Street was purchased and
Several thousand dollars spent in this work could not be recovered from converted into a reservoir. Two and a half miles of pipe were laid to
the Railway Company (1912). On October 18th Attorney Smith was asked to bring this supply to the Village. On July 4th, 1889 water from this
II act in the matter of requiring the Water Company to make improvements reservoir was turned into the Village system.
previously ordered. William Moran, after investigation, pointed out that The Sheldrake Pond supply was not deemed sufficient and a further
the Village stood in the same position as a consumer. expansion was ordered by the Health Department. This led to rhe purchase
By 1913 a Committee on Water Supply, whose members were of Carpenter's Pond which at the time was a mud hole. A reservoir was
William J. Moran, Chairman made at this point at a cost of $40,000. , and an additional $85,000. was
William J. Higgins
Frank A. Moore spent in the construction of a stone dam to retain the water. A further
Peter Wier
Geo. G. Murray - Water Co. $20,000. was used in extending the distribution system.
submitted a report, over the protest of Water Company representatives, on In 1897 the contract with the Water Company for hydrant service was
the subject. A suggestion was made at the time to tap the New York City Supply submitted to the voters at a special election June 18th.
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arepresented
It was claimed that the Company a cagital investment of $500,000
The contract as approved called for the payment of
which included bonds to the extent of $350,O00 and a deficit of $100,000. The
$1000. per year
plus 25. for each hydrant Company contended that the supply was ample - as contrasted with neighboring
There were 33 hydrsnts- connected to the water mains. William Murray systems which were without water during the two previous summers; that the
acted as Treasurer for the Water Company. water was of good quality as there had been no epidemics; and that the Company
,L When the Village in 1900 increased the number of sprinkling carts had never made money, the least loss being $3,600 in one year and $14,000
When
from one to three the Company asked for a revision of contract for water. . in 1912. The Committee stated the cost of eater was five times too much.
This was made the following year. The Company protested the damaging of In 1913 a controversy arose over the use of hydrants by contractors.
water mains by blasting along the Post Road. The Village Attorney reported that the Village and not the Water Company
In 1906 the contract was renewed with the understanding that a controlled their use, The State Health Department became interested in the
general situation and it was expected to aid the Village. Despite protests
program of laying six inch pipe in the Village would be started.
Complaint was registered in 1907 that certain hydrants were in need water rates were increased in November.
A petition signed by 41 persons was submitted in 1914 suggesting that
of repair.
since the Water Company money t r G n was losi
ng each
year
that the By1911 the Village population had increased to 1958persons. p Y tr Village acquire
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The White Plains branch of the. New York, Westchester and Boston the property after evaluation by purchase or lease and if an apportunity
Railway was,, constructed, passing throctgh part of the watershed. While came up to get water elsewhere. The Village Board has no funds to carry out
this work was going on the stream was. policed to, prevent pollution
an audit o.f the Company books, so the matter rested. Since the Post Road
Several thousand dollars spent in this work could not be recovered from was to be paved, the Water Company was asked to extend its maims by April.
the Railway Company (1912). On October 18th Attorney Smith was asked to An opinion was rendered by C. DeWitt Rogers that no authority existed
act in the matter of requiring the Water Company to make improvements
for the Village to purchase and distribute water. The Water Company, which
previously ordered. William Moran, after investigation, pointed out that, seemed willing t.oseil, believed it possible to make the change of ownership
the Village stood in the same position as a consumer. legally.
When th
e Company refused to layma
ins sins an Oak
By1913 a Committee on Water Supply, whose members were p y O Avenue the fact was
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William J. Moran, Chairman brought out that the Manor Company deeded exclusive rights to the Water
William J. Higgins
Frank A. MooreCompany to lay pipes in their territory. The Water Company was not obligated
Peter Wier to lay pipe. In addition it was pointed out that the Village never gave a
Geo. G. Hurray - Water Co.
submitted a report, over the protest of Water Company representatives, on franchise to the Water Company end the Board. of Trustees could not compel
the subject. A suggestion was made at the time to tapthe New York City Supply. changes or extensions.
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in 1915 further friction arose over hydrants, the cleaning of mains
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and lack of water at times. The hazard of the water main crossing over the By 1920 80 of the bondholders were willing to sell. The Company
Rsilroad bridge was discussed, In November the Water Company asked for
requested an advance of $2000 for laying mains, and in April to increase rates.
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A proporition was made that this rate change would not be made if the Village
hydrant contract calling for $40 per hydrant annually. It was agreed to pay
at this rate in 1916 paid $15,000, An offer of was accepted. The Company proposed to go
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before the Public Service Commission with a $470,000 valuation claim to
A break in the Murray Avenue main on February 19th, 1917 caused a
sustain water shortage for a day. Steps were considered to connect with either the their need for higher rates. Rates were not changed.
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New Rochelle or Inter Urban systems if possible. The Water Company agreed to In Jul weekly water analysis was ordered. The cost of changing the
Chatsworth Avenue main from four to six inches would be $13,000 and the Village
make any improvements to its system that the Village was willing to finance.
was asked to bear the expense.
Arguments still continued with claims of no profits in thirty years on the
By .
one hand and low pressure, lack of water and high rates on the other. The 1922 the Company wes unable to finance the improvement The Company
was offered $350,000 for their plant and property free of encumbrances,
Company finally agreed to a connection with an outside system, but would not
subject to ratification of the taxpayers. Tie Company asked $390,000 which
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provide blueprints showing the location ot its service lines and gates.
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Because of the war fever t was reduced to $375,000 and finally $350,000 Shortly after an offer of
he Company asked for men to guard its property.
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In 1917 an emergency connection with the Inter Urban System was $349,500 was made for aa option, which was accepted. The voters approved the
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estimated to cost $1603, while the connection with New Rochelle would be $2313 purchase by a vote of 112 1 with one void ballot The final bill for service.
from the Company to the Village of $2500 was cancelled. Bonds for the purchase
The Water Company requested a conference to diecuss the sale of its property.
were sold During the next three years further talk centered on hydrant service and finances to Barr and Schmeltzer of New York City for a premium, the purchase
Late in 1919 another proposal for sale was made by the Attorney for the Company price being 100.0377 to bear interest at 4.4%. Total $349,500
A Water and the Secretary, L. C. Dalley. This started serious consideration, and in Committee was appointed, the members being
May, 1920 Engineer Van Etteri F. F. Fitzpatrick read an appraisal of the Water Company property Geo. E. Hoffmaster
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made for the Village. The bond holders of the Company appealed for a E Van Etten
a . . F.
conference through their representative Hunter Wykes. A motion by Trustee Pease Laboratories continued their nalytical service J. Daly was
pointed Superintendent. Consumers metered number 778. The State Water
Reisig was adopted stating that if the Water Company would accept the
Control Commission was asked to approve the transfer. In June it was asked
Van Etter appraisal and pay half the $3000 cost entailed, the Board would
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confer with the bondholders - otherwise they could make their own appraisal. a watershed patrol be established. The Town efused to pay for damage to
the Murray Avenue main and told the Village to seek compensation from the
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In August, 1921 a complaint was received reporting lack of pressure at
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The first semi-annual report of the Water Department made in November, 1922
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the Homrnocks. Superintendent Daly stated that the sane pressure existed at
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indicated an annual profit of $33,000 from the system. The Fire Department
the Albee Estate as in the rest of the Village. The Village paid for all , ..
sought higher pressures.
old Water Company pipes and fittings on hand.
The Town assessment of pipes and other equipment against the Water System
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George Hoffmaster drafted rules and regulations for the Water system.
within the Village limits was removed and a refund for the current year obtained.
The process of applying a• small dose of amonium salts, to form chloramine by
1 ! The Chatsworth bridge main was boxed in.
combination with the free chlorine, was placed on an experimental basis.
A rule was established for the checking of fire hydrants by the men of the
Twofold benefits result from the use of chloratine. The first is due to
II Fire Department.
the fact that higher effective chlorine residuals can be carried without causing 1
Water rates were reduced, and the new rates in force January, 1923 were
H tastes due to chlorine. The second results from the longer period of time
II 5/8" meter 600 cu. ft./quarter $ 3.00
3/4 ' " 900 " " ft
that chlorine residuals persist, under similar conditions, as compared with4.50
le e 1500 " " s
7.50 lite f l " U ti
chlorine alone. • ee 350017.50
. I , 2" II 6000 " U e
30.00
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e e
Following these efforts actual residuals were found at points connected 4" 12000 II " 120.00
with the larger mains and later positive tests were obtained even at the faucets all excess at 50c per 100 cu. ft. Turn off charge $1.00 min.
of some residential dwellings. • An accumulated surplus of $2850 was utilized to building a storehouse, 1
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It is noteworthy that no serious complaints were registered by consumers, Trouble with the Hommocks main necessitated repairs under 3 - 4 ft. of
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in fact the number of inquiries received dimished during tie period of adjustment. tidewater. . 1
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It is not unusual to find that the public reacts to any change in the character Superintendent Daly died March 5, 1923.
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of the water supply. Consequently the procedure has been to make necessary The double taxation of watershed property by New Rochelle and Mamaroneck 1
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corrections very gradually over a period of months or years. This has been was protested. . .
! !1 aceomplished in the face of operating difficulties resulting from the manually A suggestion was made to buy a strip of land on either side of the Sheidrake
1! . col chlorine machines which do not proportion the dosage in relation to River up to Carpenter's Pond. For a strip 150 feet wide the cost was found to
the actual flow characteristics of the plant. be $300,000 and the idea was abandoned.
The study of sanitary quality will continue, the object being to give • a Gail Borden was permitted to pasture cows along the stream provided fences ,
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optimum protection with a minimum of chemical addition. Chlorine gas escaped at were placed to keep them out of the water course.
] I 1 '..!.the old filter house and did considerable damage. • Duplicate chlorine apparatus The dry summer of 1923 depleted the supply considerably and plans were
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was purchased. The New Rochelle valuation of the watershed property was reduced. laid for increased storage as well as better pressure in the Village mains. •
1 III Carpenter's Pond and the broot. were cleaned of rank growth.
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A great many complaints of low pressure due to corroded pipe and mains
1 The water level fell 89 inches below the old spillway level in October.
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1 This affected the pressure in the Village as a simple gravity system existed were registered. Odors in the water were also ohjecteo to as con, „ets. Talk
at that time, of an Interurban connection reached the point where estimates were secured.
Bf -,>1700 ne annu m fixe d charge plus $266.6 6 per million gallon s consumed.y Decembercost o r
some facts had been obtained relative to the pressure situation.
The gravity line did not at all times adequately meet the demands. An additional Objections to the location of the high tank led to the proposal of an
-s tank b 000
main was estimated to cost $180 A storagenallins for a low tank and booster ststion. This project was
ss , . eindl the Municipal Building
alternate plan
carried . C $65,993. A s n! C
was recommended costing $40,000. This would be seventy feet in height and store - out ost, new tweine inch main wa lai over the hatsvorth
836,000 gallons. The proposed tank was 45 feet in diameter. As an expedient it
was decided to put flash boards on the reservoir spillway and pump up from the . Avenue bridge. A I reak in the line to the Hommocks was repaired The cost of.
a connection with the interurban at Palmer Avenue was found to be $300 per annum
ih $6r ar s ,
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lower reservoir to maintain the main reservoir. This was done for a time for four nc and 50 pe nnum fo ix inch
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An g skn ge sB .
Engineer Van Etten said it was impractical to lay a new main unless a new route order prohnitin ating o Villa reservoirs wa given by tie oard
The Booster Station was planed la service March 29th, 1926.
was selected. 1
. , f fig s S during season.
An ample supply of water was again impounded by January, 1924. Expenses A limited number o shin permit were ssued the
On June 27, 1927 a rate reduction to thirty cents per 100 cubic feet was
for improving the system were taken care of by. the revenue collected.
, made artment funds were in excess of actual needs.Wp
During 1924 a number of new six and eight inch mains were laid and a new since the ater rfn
ic
. Prectpitatiot:
six inch main to the Hommocks was paid for by E. F. Albee.
! Precipitation during 19'1,7 was assch nearer to normal than the. years 1936
Flash boards were provided at the reservoir. A consultant on water supply
was retained. Rye Lake was considered as a source of supply. An additional and 1935. The days of rainfall exceeding one inch per 24 hours were distributed
.
in nine of the months. Total annual precipitation was nearly normal in this area.
amount of water was made available by installing a pump to raise water from
It is interesting Reservoir #1 back to Reservoir #2. This was capable of handling 800,000 gallons to note that precipitation in and near New York City was several
inches
per day. Summer sprinkling was restricted to the hours of 6 - 8 a.m. and p.m. . above normal.
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The following winter was severe and many meters were frozen. Storage:
In March, 1925 consideration was given to the erection of a water tank to
impounded water supplies remained at or near capacity in every month except
s cost $75,000 since it was found that the cost of securing water by purchase from June and July. The maximum depletion amounted to .35 million gallons or 24.3%
Scarsdale was too high. The voters approved the tower. Flash boards were used
of at in Reservoir #.2. Tis 1936 depleton reached 30. 5% at the end of
at Carpenter's Pond to amplify the supply impounded. November, on a comparative basis.
Two men were assigned as special police officers to patrol the Water Works
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Run-off:
The upper limit which can he carried without causing complaint, due to
Since at no time was the reservoir sufficiently low to receive large • chlorine, tastes is somewhat less than 1.0 p.p.m. and more nearly 0.5 p.p.m.
volumes of water and impound them, run-off could not be estimated by direct ' During 1936 doses of 1,23 p.p.m. yielded a residual in the effluent of .21
observation.
on the average. This would indicate, a chlorine demand of the raw water passing
An approximation can be had by the application of a wier formula to the through the plant of very nearly 1 p.p.m.
problem when the elevation above the spillway is known. This was done and an. Residuals in the distribution system were seldom obtained. A program
estimated of the monthly yield Made. From this data the cumulative run-off curve of thorough flushing of mains by way of the hydrants connected to the system was
It,
was derived. For 1937 the yeld was very nearly 1000 million gallons of which carried out to remove such accumulations as might be present in the mains which 227 millions were diverted for the water supply. .
would account for a reduction in residual chlorine. Considerable benefit was
,, , had from the flushiags regardless. Early in 1931 another step asw taken in
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W Sanitary Quality • ,
• connection with this effort to produce residuals in the distribution.
, ! Water of "excellent" sanitary quality was supplied to the Village distribution
system during 1937. No pollution forms of bacteria were found present in 622
. .samples of water taken at the. effluant of the purification plant, nor in 72 Purification Plant Output:
HE' specimens taken in the Vi/lage from the distribution system. Total Demand Year 1937 227,122,000 Cals.
Analyses made by the State Department of Health are summarized as follows: Average Daily Demand 672,300 "
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Date B-coli Group Bacteria per c.c.
Collected Tests 24 hours at 37°C
Minimum Day July 10
February 18 964,000
517,000
. ' 12-7-37 all negative l• Max. Hourly Rate 1,610,000 ' / 24 h
9-14-37 n 1
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6-28-37 " 1 Minimum Hourly rate 2001000 " n
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••• an op m6 el& dal, id . . . . . . . . . ea ed• ei• . ms •• an ea. ••• •• ••• 0. alp an .a. •2 .0 . 10 ea ika . as ea
12-15-36 f! 2
6-22-36 n 6 Improvements Made:
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, The practical sterility of the water supply with respect to organisms All projected improvements were carried out.
m which grow and multiply at blood temperature is secured by filtration and Standpipe valve stems were raised and new floor plates were installed at
!' the Gate House of Reservoir I,, 2.
adequate chlorination. In the study of the sanitary quality it was determined ,
I One filter unit was examined and repaired.
Mechanicel equipment was set up for the introduction of activated carbon
to bring about conditions, if possible, where sterilizing concentrations of
for the control of taste and odor in the raw water entering the Purification Plant.
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chlorine (0.1 - 0.2 parts per million) could be detected in the distribution
Pre-chlorination wae successfully carried out with equipment on hand.
system.
- In the distribution system the stopping of leakage lightened the load on
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the Purification Plant.
In addition costs of treatment and pumping were decreased.
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