HomeMy WebLinkAbout1991_08_21 Zoning Board of Appeals Minutes MINUTES OF THE REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ZONING BOARD OF THE TOWN OF MAMARONECK
AUGUST 21, 1991, IN THE COURTROOM, TOWN CENTER
740 WEST BOSTON POST ROAD
MAMARONECK, NEW YORK �.) /0)
Present: Joel Negrin, Chairman
Thomas E. Gunther __
RECEIVE,
Patrick B. Kelleher ere
J. Rene Simon PglglClq 23 1991
Arthur Wexler Tot�ti•tE p -1O
i vI ARONEc
Y. K
Also Present: Lee A. Hoffman, Jr. , Counsel
William E. Jakubowski, Building Inspector
Marci Dustin, Public Stenographer
Kazazes & Associates
250 East Hartsdale Avenue
Hartsdale, NY 10530
Bonnie M. Burdick, Recording Secretary
CALL TO ORDER
The meeting was called to order by Chairman Negrin at 8:25 PM.
APPLICATION NO. 1 - CASE 1050
Mr. Negrin read the application as follows:
Application of Mr. J. Avelino, 124 East Garden Road adjourned from the
meeting of July 16, 1991.
Michael O'Reilly, by letter, had requested that the Board postpone this
hearing. Mr. Negrin stated that the Board had decided to hear it at this
meeting.
Mr. Simon had recused himself from this application.
Donald S. Mazin, attorney, appeared on behalf of this application. He
stated that the plans had been re-worked so that the only request was for
a bay window and a front setback of 20.08 feet where 30 feet is
required. He submitted a medical certificate delineating Mr. Avelino's
condition. Mr. Mazin stated that for physical safety reasons the
Avelinos had left Brooklyn to be near a son. He stated that trees would
screen the addition.
Mr. Mazin stated that a self-created hardship would not prevent the Board
from granting a variance. Mr. Hoffman agreed. Mr. Mazin also stated
that there are adjacent house with abutments.
Those in the audience appearing were Robert Conkling, 130 Fast Garden
Road; James Miller, 8 Stoneyside Drive; Walter Levy, 35 Ellsworth Road;
another James Miller, 14 East Brookside Drive; John Ortiz, 39 Ellsworth
Road; Allen Wolf, 10 East Brookside Drive; and Frank Hart, 115 East
August 21, 1991
-2-
Garden Road. They complained about Mr. Avelino, Jr.'s failure to
complete his addition, stated that this addition would show at eye level
through the trees and questioned the plan of elderly people to create
more house. It was the consensus of those speaking that the Brook area
is a public trust; it should not change.
Mr. Mazin stated that the addition would not be seen from the Brook and
that change is inevitable in society.
Mr. Hoffman stated that there was a possible interpretation of 89-3
concerning interior land that would make this addition legal. It was
also determined that a legal 20 by 10 foot addition could be made with
the building envelope. The Board, with counsel's assent, decided to
proceed on the basis of the original application.
On motion of Mr. Wexler, seconded by Mr. Kelleher, it was unanimously
RESOLVED, that the Zoning Board of Appeals is the Lead Agency and
solely responsible for determining whether the proposed action may
have a significant impact on the environment; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that this is a Type II Action having no significant
impact on the environment as determined by New York State or
corresponding local law, therefore requiring no further action under
SEQPA.
On motion of Mr. Kelleher, seconded by Mr. Gunther, the following
resolutions were adopted, 3-1-1, with Mr. Wexler opposed and Mr. Simon
recused.
WHEREAS, Mr. J. Avelino has submitted an application to the Building
Inspector, together with plans, to construct an addition and bay
window; and
WHEREAS, the Building Inspector has declined to issue such permit on
the grounds that the plans submitted failed to comply with the Town
of Mamaroneck Zoning Ordinance with particular reference to Sections
89-33 B (1) and 89-44 B on the premises located at 124 Fast Garden
Road and known on the Tax Assessment Map of the Town of Mamaroneck as
Block 214 Lot 280; and
WHEREAS, Mr. Avelino submitted an application for a variance to this
Board on the grounds of practical difficulty and/or unnPrpssary
hardship for the reasons set forth in such application; and
WHEREAS, this Board has examined the plans, reviewed the application
and has heard all persons interested in this application after
publication of a notice thereof;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT
August 21, 1991
-3-
RESOLVED, that this Board hereby denies the application on the
following grounds:
1. The hardship presented as grounds for the variance was
legally insufficient.
FURTHER RESOLVED, that this decision be filed with the Town Clerk as
provided in Section 267 of the Town Law.
******
ADJOURNMENT
Mr. Negrin temporarily adjourned the meeting at 9:50 PM and re-opened it
at 9:57 PM.
APPLICATION NO. 2 - CASE 1053
The Secretary read the application as follows:
Application of Mr. and Mrs. M. Weisburgh requesting a variance to retain
a garage and patio. The garage as erected has a rear yard of 2.41 feet
and a side yard of 2.62 feet where 5.0 feet is required pursuant to
Section 89-33 B(2) (c) and the patio has a side yard of 2.85 feet where
5.0 feet is required pursuant to Section 89-44 A, in an R-10 Zone
District, on the premises located at 19 West Brookside Drive and known on
the Tax Assessment Map of the Town of Mamaroneck as Block 217 Lot 810.
Mrs. Weisburgh appeared on behalf of the application. She stated that a
previous owner had begun the procedure of obtaining a Certificate of
Occupancy but never finished it. Mr. Jakubowski stated that, at the time
of building, the construction would have been legal if the process had
been completed. The problem was discovered by the bank financing the
purchase of the house by new owners.
On motion of Mr. Gunther, seconded by Mr. Simon, it was unanimously
RESOLVED, that the Zoning Board of Appeals is the Lead Agency and
solely responsible for determining whether the proposed action may
have a significant impact on the environment; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that this is a Type II Action having no significant
impact on the environment as determined by New York State or
corresponding local law, therefore requiring no further action under
SEQRA.
On motion of Mr. Gunther, seconded by Mr. Simon, the following
resolutions were unanimously adopted.
WHEREAS, Mr. and Mrs. M. Weisburgh have submitted an application to
the Building Inspector, together with plans, to retain a garage and
patio on the premises located at 19 West Brookside Drive and known on
the Tax Assessment Map of the TO n of Mamaroneck as Block 217 Lot
810; and
August 21, 1991
-4-
WHEREAS, the Building Inspector has declined to issue such permit on
the grounds that the plans submitted failed to comply with the Town
of Mamaroneck Zoning Ordinance with particular reference to Sections
89-33 B(2) (c) and 89-44 A; and
WHEREAS, Mr. and Mrs. Weisburgh submitted an application for a
variance to this Board on the grounds of practical difficulty and/or
unnecessary hardship for the reasons set forth in such application;
and
WHEREAS, this Board has examined the plans, reviewed the application
and has heard all persons interested in this application after
publication of a notice thereof;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT
RESOLVED, that this Board finds that there are special circumstanr.Pc
and/or conditions applying to the land for which the variance is
sought on the following grounds:
1. The patio and garage have been there for an extended period
of time probably dating back to when they would have been
permitted.
2. Removal of the patio and garage would create an economic
hardship.
3. The variance granted is the minimum to alleviate the
practical difficulty detailed in the application.
4. The granting of the variance is in harmony with the general
purposes and intent of this Ordinance and will not be
injurious to the neighborhood or otherwise detrimental to
the public welfare.
5. The strict application of the Zoning Ordinance and Town
Code would deprive the applicants of the reasonable use of
the land and/or building and that the variance granted by
this Board will accomplish this purpose; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that a variance is hereby granted and that Sections
89-33 B(2) (c) and 89-44 A of the Zoning Ordinance be varied and
modified so as to allow the retention of a patio and garage on the
premises located at 19 West Brookside Drive and known on the Tax
Assessment Map of the Town of Mamaroneck as Block 217 Lot 810 in
strict conformance with the plans filed with this application and any
conditions set forth in these resolutions, provided that the
applicants comply in all other respects with the Zoning Ordinance and
Building Code of the Town of Mamaroneck; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that the applicant shall obtain a building permit
within six months of the filing of this Resolution with the Town
Clerk and, in accordance with Section 89-73 of the Zoning Ordinance,
the building permit shall be void if construction is not started
within six months and completed within two years of the date of said
permit; and it is
• August 21, 1991
-5-
FURTHER RESOLVED, that this decision be filed with the Town Clerk as
provided in Section 267 of the Town Law
*****
APPLICATION NO. 3 - CASE 1056
The Secretary read the application as follows:
Application of Mr. and Mrs. D. Horan requesting a variance from Section
89-35 B(2) (a) to reduce the side yard from 8'0" required to 7'2" for the
proposed expansion and enclosure of an existing screened porch which
increases the extent by which the structure is nonconforming pursuant to
Section 89-57, in an R-6 Zone District, on the premises located at 23
Homer Avenue and known on the Tax Assessment Map of the Town of
Mamaroneck as Block 121 Lot 294.
Mr. and Mrs. Horan appeared on behalf of their application. They
proposed enclosing their screened porch and adding six feet. Their lot
is the shape of a parallelogram. Therefore, a small portion of the
proposed construction would encroach. No windows will overlook the
neighbors. Mr. Horan stated that his neighbors did not object to the
proposal. The variance is for approximately 8 square feet.
On motion of Mr. Wexler, seconded by Mr. Gunther, it was unanimously
RESOLVED, that the Zoning Board of Appeals is the Lead Agency and
solely responsible for determining whether the proposed action may
have a significant impact on the environment; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that this is a Type II Action having no significant
impact on the environment as determined by New York State or
corresponding local law, therefore requiring no further action under
SEQRA.
On motion of Mr. Wexler, seconded by Mr. Simon, the following resolutions
were unanimously adopted.
WHEREAS, Mr and Mrs. D. Horan have submitted an application to the
Building Inspector, together with plans, to expand and enclose an
existing screened porch on the premises located at 23 Homer Avenue
and known on the Tax Assessment Map of the Town of Mamaroneck as
Block 121 Lot 294; and
WHEREAS, the Building Inspector has declined to issue such permit on
the grounds that the plans submitted failed to comply with the Town
of Mamaroneck Zoning Ordinance with particular reference to Sections
89-35 B(2) (a) and 89-57; and
WHEREAS, Mr. and Mrs. Horan submitted an application for a variance
to this Board on the grounds of practical difficulty and/or
unnPrimssary hardship for the reasons set forth in such application;
and
•
August 21, 1991
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WHEREAS, this Board has examined the plans, reviewed the application
and has heard all persons interested in this application after
publication of a notice thereof;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT
RESOLVED, that this Board finds that there are special circumstanres
and/or conditions applying to the land for which the variance is
sought on the following grounds:
1. The variance is minimal in nature.
2. The lot is irregularly shaped. A variance is necessary to
build the new addition in line with the house.
3. The proposed structure is in context with the house and the
neighborhood.
4. A significant portion of the proposed addition is an
existing structure.
5. The variance granted is the minimum to alleviate the
practical difficulty detailed in the application.
6. The granting of the variance is in harmony with the general
purposes and intent of this Ordinance and will not be
injurious to the neighborhood or otherwise detrimental to
the public welfare.
7. The strict application of the Zoning Ordinance and Town
Code would deprive the applicants of the reasonable use of
the land and/or building and that the variance granted by
this Board will accomplish this purpose; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that a variance is hereby granted and that Sections
89-35 B(2) (a) and 89-57 of the Zoning Ordinance be varied and
modified so as to allow the expansion and enclosure of an existing
screened porch on the premises located at 23 Homer Avenue and known
on the Tax Assessment Map of the Town of Mamaroneck as Block 121 Lot
294 in strict conformance with the plans filed with this application
and any conditions set forth in these resolutions, provided that the
applicants comply in all other respects with the Zoning Ordinance and
Building Code of the Town of Mamaroneck; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that the following condition shall attach to the
variance:
The applicant shall maintain the screening next to his house.
FURTHER RESOLVED, that the applicant shall obtain a building permit
within six months of the filing of this Resolution with the Town
Clerk and, in accordance with Section 89-73 of the Zoning Ordinance,
the building permit shall be void if construction is not started
within six months and completed within two years of the date of said
permit; and it is
• August 21, 1991
-7-
FURTHER RESOLVED, that this decision be filed with the Town Clerk as
provided in Section 267 of the Town Law
*****
APPLICATION NO. 4 - CASE 1057
The Secretary read the application as follows:
Application of Mr. and Mrs. M. McNeil requesting a Certificate of
Occupancy for a one-story addition. The addition is required to have a
side yard of 6.57 feet and a total side yard of 10.19 feet pursuant to a
variance granted on September 28, 1983 and has an actual side yard of
5.74 feet and a total side yard of 9.36 feet where a side yard of 10.0
feet and a total side yard of 25.0 feet is required pursuant to Section
89-33 B(2) (a)&(b) . Further, the addition increases the extent by which
the structure is nonconforming pursuant to Section 89-57, in an R-10 Zone
District, on the premises located at 128 Hickory Grove Drive and known on
the Tax Assessment Map of the Town of Mamaroneck as Block 214 Lot 96.
Mr. and Mrs. McNeil appeared on behalf of the application. They stated
that they thought that they had conformed when they build the addition.
They did not know that they needed a survey or a Certificate of Occupancy
until 8 years later. The addition is .84 too big in one corner.
On motion of Mr. Wexler, seconded by Mr. Gunther, it was unanimously
RESOLVED, that the Zoning Board of Appeals is the Lead Agency and
solely responsible for determining whether the proposed action may
have a significant impact on the environment; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that this is a Type II Action having no significant
impact on the environment as determined by New York State or
corresponding local law, therefore requiring no further action under
SEQPA.
On motion of Mr. Wexler, seconded by Mr. Gunther, the following
resolutions were adopted.
WHEREAS, Mr. and Mrs. M. McNeil have submitted an application to the
Building Inspector,together with plans, to obtain a Certificate of
Occupancy for a one-story addition on the premises located at 128
Hickory Grove Drive and known on the Tax Assessment Map of the Town
of Mamaroneck as Block 214 Lot 96; and
WHEREAS, the Building Inspector has declined to issue such permit on
the grounds that the plans submitted failed to comply with the Town
of Mamaroneck Zoning Ordinance with particular reference to Sections
89-33 B(2) (a)&(b) and 89-57; and
WHEREAS, Mr. and Mrs. McNeil submitted an application for a variance
to this Board on the grounds of practical difficulty and/or
unnecessary hardship for the reasons set forth in such application;
and
August 21, 1991
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WHEREAS, this Board has examined the plans, reviewed the application
and has heard all persons interested in this application after
publication of a notice thereof;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT
RESOLVED, that this Board finds that there are special circumstances
and/or conditions applying to the land for which the variance is
sought on the following grounds:
1. It would be a hardship to correct the inconsistency.
2. The variance is very small in nature - about three square
feet.
3. The applicants find themselves in this situation because
the construction was done slightly over-sized.
4. The variance granted is the minimum to alleviate the
practical difficulty detailed in the application.
5. The granting of the variance is in harmony with the general
purposes and intent of this Ordinance and will not be
injurious to the neighborhood or otherwise detrimental to
the public welfare.
6. The strict application of the Zoning Ordinance and Town
Code would deprive the applicants of the reasonable use of
the land and/or building and that the variance granted by
this Board will accomplish this purpose; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that a variance is hereby granted and that Sections
89-33 B(2) (a)&(b) and 89-57 of the Zoning Ordinance be varied and
modified so as to allow the granting of a Certificate of Occupancy on
the premises located at 128 Hickory Grove Drive and known on the Tax
Assessment Map of the Town of Mamaroneck as Block 214 Lot 96 in
strict conformance with the plans filed with this application and any
conditions set forth in these resolutions, provided that the
applicants comply in all other respects with the Zoning Ordinance and
Building Code of the Town of Mamaroneck; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that the applicant shall obtain a building permit
within six months of the filing of this Resolution with the Town
Clerk and, in accordance with Section 89-73 of the Zoning Ordinance,
the building permit shall be void if construction is not started
within six months and completind within two years of the date of said
permit; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that this decision be filed with the Town Clerk as
provided in Section 267 of the Town Law
*****
August 21, 1991
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APPLICATION NO. 5 - CASE 1058
The Secretary read the application as follows:
Application of Mr. K. Neumeister requesting a variance for the proposed
construction of a rear deck and stairs. The deck as proposed excIPPds
themaxi_mum height of 6 inches above grade as allowed by Section 89-44 and
is therefore too close to the rear property line. The rear yard is
proposed at 13.0 feet where 25.0 feet is required pursuant to Section
89-36 B(3) , in an R-2F Zone District, on the premises located at 12 Nancy
Lane and known on the Tax Assessment Map of the Town of Mamaroneck as
Block 402 Lot 318.
Mr. and Mrs. Neumeister appeared on behalf of the application. Mr.
Neumeister stated that their back stairs are rotting and need
replacement. He stated that a deck would minimize the railroad tracks
behind the house. He also stated that many of the neighbors have patios
and that the Neumeisters felt that the proposed deck would enhance their
property. The yard is screened on one side by a fence and on the other
by bushes.
On motion of Mr. Gunther, seconded by Mr. Simon, it was unanimously
RESOLVED, that the Zoning Board of Appeals is the Lead Agency and
solely responsible for determining whether the proposed action may
have a significant impact on the environment; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that this is a Type II Action having no significant
impact on the environment as determined by New York State or
corresponding local law, therefore requiring no further action under
SEQRA.
On motion of Mr. Simon, seconded by Mr. Wexler, the following resolutions
were unanimously adopted.
WHEREAS, Mr. K. Neumeister has submitted an application to the
Building Inspector, together with plans, for the proposed
construction of a rear deck and stairs on the premises located at 12
Nancy Lane and known on the Tax Assessment Map of the Town of
Mamaroneck as Block 402 Lot 318; and
WHEREAS, the Building Inspector has declined to issue such permit on
the grounds that the plans submitted failed to comply with the Town
of Mamaroneck Zoning Ordinance with particular reference to Section
89-36 B(3) ; and
WHEREAS, Mr. Neumeister submitted an application for a variance to
this Board on the grounds of practical difficulty and/or unnecessary
hardship for the reasons set forth in such application; and
WHEREAS, this Board has examined the plans, reviewed the application
and has heard all persons interested in this application after
publication of a notice thereof;
August 21, 1991
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NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT
RESOLVED, that this Board finds that there are special circumstances
and/or conditions applying to the land for which the variance is
sought on the following grounds:
1. The proposed deck is very close to ground level.
2. There is screening on both sides of the yard.
3. The rear yard fare the railroad.
3. The variance granted is the minimum to alleviate the
practical difficulty detailed in the application.
4. The granting of the variance is in harmony with the general
purposes and intent of this Ordinance and will not be
injurious to the neighborhood or otherwise detrimental to
the public welfare.
5. The strict application of the Zoning Ordinance and Town
Code would deprive the applicants of the reasonable use of
the land and/or building and that the variance granted by
this Board will accomplish this purpose; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that a variance is hereby granted and that Section
89-36 B(3) of the Zoning Ordinance be varied and modified so as to
allow the construction of a rear deck and stairs on the premises
located at 12 Nancy Lane and known on the Tax Assessment Map of the
Town of Mamaroneck as Block 402 Lot 318 in strict conformance with
the plans filed with this application and any conditions set forth in
these resolutions, provided that the applicants comply in all other
respects with the Zoning Ordinance and Building Code of the Town of
Mamaroneck; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that the applicant shall obtain a building permit
within six months of the filing of this Resolution with the Town
Clerk and, in accordance with Section 89-73 of the Zoning Ordinance,
the building permit shall be void if construction is not started
within six months and completed within two years of the date of said
permit; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that this decision be filed with the Town Clerk as
provided in Section 267 of the Town Law.
*****
APPLICATION NO. 6 - CASE 1059
The Secretary read the application as follows:
Application of Mr. and Mrs. J. Kronfeld requesting a variance fLula
Section 89-33 B(2) (a)&(b) to reduce the side yard front 10.0 feet required
to 4.5 feet and the total side yard from 25.0 feet required to 19.9 feet
August 21, 1991
-11-
for the proposed construction of an attached garage and two story
addition, in an R-10 Zone District, on the premises located at 89
Rockland Avenue and known on the Tax Assessment Map of the Town of
Mamaroneck as Block 210 Lot 1.
Mr. Kronfeld appeared with Anthony thisera, builder. He stated that the
house, which is 1900 square feet, had become very cramped with two
growing children. He had planned to extend his house to his garage until
Mr. Jakubowski told him that such a plan would be illegal under the State
safety code. Instead, the garage will be demolished and added to the
house with a safety wall. Mr. Kronfeld would like an attached garage for
the convenience of the children and during bad weather. A detached
garage to the rear of the property would not work well as the property
slopes.
Mr. Wexler stated that the addition was very large.
On motion of Mr. Gunther, seconded by Mr. Kelleher, it was unanimously
RESOLVED, that the Zoning Board of Appeals is the Lead Agency and
solely responsible for determining whether the proposed action may
have a significant impact on the environment; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that this is a Type II Action having no significant
impact on the environment as determined by New York State or
corresponding local law, therefore requiring no further action under
SEQPA.
On motion of Mr. Kelleher, seconded by Mr. Simon, the following
resolutions were adopted, 4-1, Mr. Wexler opposed.
WHEREAS, Mr. and Mrs. J. Kronfeld have submitted an application to
the Building Inspector, together with plans, for the proposed
construction of a attached garage and a two story addition on the
premises located at 89 Rockland Avenue and known on the Tax
Assessment Map of the Town of Mamaroneck as Block 210 Lot 1; and
WHEREAS, the Building Inspector has declined to issue such permit on
the grounds that the plans submitted failed to comply with the Town
of Mamaroneck Zoning Ordinance with particular reference to Section
89-33 B(2) (a)&(b) ; and
WHEREAS, Mr. and Mrs. Kronfeld submitted an application for a
variance to this Board on the grounds of practical difficulty and/or
unnecessary hardship for the reasons set forth in such application;
and
WHEREAS, this Board has examined the plans, reviewed the application
and has heard all persons interested in this application after
publication of a notice thereof;
, August 21, 1991
-12-
NOW, T EREFORE, BE IT
RESOLVED, that this Board finds that there are special circumstances
and/or conditions applying to the land for which the variance is
sought on the following grounds:
1. The topography demonstrates that the proposed plan is the
most responsible layout.
2. The applicants worked with the Building Inspector to modify
the plans to address New York State Fire Codes.
3. The proposed garage is further away from the property line
than the existing non-conforming structure.
4. The variance granted is the minimum to alleviate the
practical difficulty detailed in the application.
5. The granting of the variance is in harmony with the general
purposes and intent of this Ordinance and will not be
injurious to the neighborhood or otherwise detrimental to
the public welfare.
6. The strict application of the Zoning Ordinance and Town
Code would deprive the applicants of the reasonable use of
the land and/or building and that the variance granted by
this Board will accomplish this purpose; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that a variance is hereby granted and that Section
89-33 B(2) (a)&(b) of the Zoning Ordinance be varied and modified so
as to allow the construction of an attached garage and two-story
addition on the premises located at 89 Rockland Avenue and known on
the Tax Assessment Map of the Town of Mamaroneck as Block 210 lot 1
in strict conformance with the plans filed with this application and
any conditions set forth in these resolutions, provided that the
applicants comply in all other respects with the Zoning Ordinance and
Building Code of the Town of Mamaroneck; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that the applicant shall obtain a building permit
within six months of the filing of this Resolution with the Town
Clerk and, in accordance with Section 89-73 of the Zoning Ordinance,
the building permit shall be void if construction is not started
within six months and completed within two years of the date of said
permit; and it is
FURTHER RESOLVED, that this decision be filed with the Town Clerk as
provided in Section 267 of the Town Law
*****
August 21, 1991
-13-
NEXT MEETING
Since Mr. Kelleher will be away for an extended period in September, the
next meeting will be held October 3, 1991.
ADJOURNMENT
On motion of Mr. Wexler, seconded by Mr. Gunther, the meeting was
adjourned at 10:55 PM.
Bonnie M. Burdick